@article { author = {}, title = {First Pages}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {1-5}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.71281}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, title_fa = {صفحات آغازین}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71281.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71281_dc4f478da0ef7a511d5c59f025ded1e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Pourahmad, Ahmad and Ziari, Keramatollah and Hataminejad, Hossein and Rezaeinia, Hassan}, title = {Analysis of Public Space Control in the Parks of Tehran}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {649-673}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.260642.937}, abstract = {Introduction One of the most influential trends in the production of contemporary public spaces is the growing tendency to control and monitor these spaces. However, this trend has so far been less studied. Public spaces are becoming increasingly controlled over time, as some critics claim. Hence, the assessment of public spaces control allows researchers to prevent intensification of the control while supervising and continuously monitoring this process. On the other hand, it is very important to address the issue of controlling the public space from the aspect of environmental quality. The extent to which our public spaces are encouraging differences is an important debate that affects the use of these spaces and their invitation. In this sense, a space which encourages freedom of use, behavior, and access, is a more open and democratic space. Accordingly, two major issues have been addressed in this research: The first is to measure the level of control of the public space and its methods in the parks of Tehran and the second is to examine the views of users of these parks on the issue of controlling the space. Methodology The study area includes the parks of "Mellat", "Laleh", "Razi" and "Shahr" in Tehran, all of which are considered as downtown area parks. These parks were selected based on three criteria including regional functional scale, the central position in the city and size of the parks. The first part of this study is the empirical framework developed by Németh & Schmidt (2011). In this empirical method, public space control is measured through four dimensions including "rules and regulations", "Surveillance and policing", "access and territoriality" and "design and image". The first two dimensions include hard methods and the third and fourth dimensions include soft methods of space control. The method of data collection in this section was direct observation and field study. Thus, by going to the parks, the data for each variable were taken and then the variables were scored according to the intensity of their presence in each park. In the end, the final score for each park was calculated and the results were analyzed. To measure the second part, we have used a researcher-made questionnaire designed in the 5-point Likert scale. The components of the questionnaire include the degree of agreement with the four methods of control of the public space, as well as questions that measure the relationship between the control of the public space and the quality of the public space. The statistical population of this section was the users of these parks. In the sampling stage, 100 users of each park were questioned by "Random available" method. Also, interview and talk with some users were used as a complementary method of data collection. Results and dicscusion Based on the results of the first section, among the parks under study, the Mellat Park and Laleh Park have a low degree of control, and the Shahr Park and Razi Park are highly controlled. The first group of the parks has the "openness" characteristic. This feature encourages differences and provides more freedom for users. However, it makes the environment of the parks more vulnerable in terms of security considerations. In spite of the differences between the studied parks, in general it can be said that hard control methods have been used more than soft control methodsThe results of the second part showed that the level of public space control is directly related to the quality of the public space and the excessive control over the space, reduces its quality in variables such as the feeling of comfort, pleasure and the desire to re-use that space. On the contrary, increased control will increase the security of space. In addition, reviewing the views of users on the four dimensions of public space control was shows that in the context of laws and regulations, we are faced with a diversity of tastes and opinions among users of various parks. For this reason, we cannot speak of samepattern. But despite of the variation in interests, users of all four parks, with a high degree of agreement, wanted preventing the entry of marginal groups such as beggars, child labor and homeless people into the parks. The main reason for this is that people and users frequently fail to make the distinction between identity and behavior. Therefore, the identity of the marginal groups conveys abnormal behaviors in the minds of users, which leads to opposition with the presence of these groups in public spaces. In the context of policing and police, in all cases, users were opposed with these methods. But in terms of design and image, the average of all four parks was close, and users had high agreement with design techniques to control the spaces. Also, space control through territoriality methods is more acceptable to users than access restriction methods. In general, the users of the parks agree to apply more soft methods of control over the public space than hard methods. However, Tehran's parks are often controlled by hard methods. Conclusion The results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship between age and sex with user’s preferences in controlling public space. Thus, the age group of over 60 years old was more likely than the other groups to like the control of the public space. As the same way, women were more likely than men to agree with soft control methods. In terms of exacerbating control over the space, Razi Park users, unlike three other parks, demanded more control and monitoring over the park's space, due to the low security of the area where the park is located in. Finally, it should be acknowledged that the factors, including the variety of users, their interests and their different expectations of how much the public space is controlled, make it difficult to achieve a specific standard. Nevertheless, the process of production, management and change of public spaces should include a democratic and open process to consider the demands and interests of different individuals and groups as much as possible.}, keywords = {control of space,public space,urban parks,TEHRAN}, title_fa = {تحلیلی بر کنترل فضای عمومی در پارک‌های شهر تهران}, abstract_fa = {یکی از روندهای تأثیرگذار بر تولید فضاهای عمومی معاصر، گرایش روزافزون به کنترل و نظارت بر این فضاهاست، اما تاکنون این روند کمتر مطالعه شده است. پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر با هدف «ارزیابی کنترل فضای عمومی و روش‌های آن در پارک‌های شهر تهران» و «بررسی دیدگاه کاربران این پارک‌ها درمورد کنترل فضای عمومی» در دو بخش انجام شد. محدودة مورد مطالعه، شامل پارک‌های ملت، لاله، رازی و پارک شهر است. داده‌ها نیز براساس مشاهدة میدانی و پرسشگری از 100 کاربر هر پارک گردآوری شد. با توجه به نتایج، کنترل فضای عمومی رابطه‌ای مستقیم با کیفیت فضای عمومی دارد. از میان پارک‌های مورد بررسی، پارک ملت و لاله کمترین درجة کنترل و پارک شهر و رازی بیشترین درجة کنترل را دارند. با اینکه پارک‌های شهر تهران به روش‌های سخت کنترل می‌شوند، کاربران آن‌ها عموماً خواهان کنترل فضا به روش‌های نرم هستند. همچنین زنان در مقایسه با مردان به استفاده از روش‌های کنترل نرم موافق‌ترند. در تشدید کنترل بر فضا نیز تنها کاربران پارک رازی، خواستار نظارت و کنترل بیشتر بر فضای پارک هستند که دلیل این امر امنیت پایین‌ محله‌ای است که پارک در آن قرار دارد. درنهایت، کاربران هر چهار پارک با درجة بالایی از توافق، خواستار جلوگیری از ورود گروه‌های حاشیه‌ای مانند تکدی‌گران، کودکان کار و افراد بی‌خانمان به فضای پارک‌ها هستند. نتایج این مطالعه، ضرورت توجه به خواسته‌ها و منافع افراد و گروه‌های گوناگون را به عنوان بخشی از ذی‌نفعان فضا در فرایند مدیریت فضاهای عمومی نمایان می‌سازد.}, keywords_fa = {پارک‌های شهری,تهران,فضای عمومی,کنترل فضا}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71194.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71194_ce5eb09837b168e3b69cf5dcf7bd67e7.pdf} } @article { author = {Rostaei, Shahrivar and Andesta, Forough}, title = {The Feasibility Study of Participatory Urban Governance Model in the Neighborhood (NBN Program) in Tabriz (Case study: Zone 2)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {675-694}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.239041.764}, abstract = {Introduction The intensity and complexity of the urban issues and specifying the ineffectiveness of traditional bureaucratic systems and up-down decision-making rendered pursuit of the flexible and democratic approaches in the urban management urgency issue. Thus, it is needed that a decentralized and participatory structure in managing the urban affairs for good urban governance is also introduced as one of the most sustainable ways in this field. In this regard, the NBN program called "Neighbors, build the environment around their neighborhood " is as one of the most successful ways of a good urban governance over the past ten years in Rochester, New York. In this program, all citizens are trying to organize the environment around them. In general, the aim of the present study is to answer the following questions: Is it possible to implement a participatory urban governance model (NBN program) in district 2 of Tabriz Metropolitan Area? With regard to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, what is the position of the considered district in the area of the implementation of this program? What are the four strategies and which is the superior strategy?   Methodology   The present study is applied research using a descriptive-analytic methodology. This study is conducted based on documentary studies including reports, paper, book and referable resources, and field surveys including questionnaire, observation and interview, and Delphi method. The statistical population of this research is all the residents in district 2 of Tabriz Metropolitan Area and the sample size was calculated up to 382 people using Cochran's formula. Firstly, a detailed questionnaire was developed in cooperation with the municipal experts of the 2nd district municipality to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the executive field of participatory urban governance (NBN program). The questions have been provided as multiple answers options using theoretical foundations and information extracted from the detailed questionnaire. The questions have 5 answers based on Likert Scale, each of which is different in terms of the severity and weakness of the question. According to the preliminary questionnaires that have been conducted, it has been tried to state the unclear questions in another form in order to be comprehensible to all citizens. Up to 30 questionnaires were prepared in the preliminary questionnaires to examine 30 citizens of district 2 of Tabriz metropolitan. It is worth noting that the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha is 0.835 and, so, desirable  tool. It has been carried out to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats according to the information obtained from the questionnaire, using the SWOT technique, and then it has been used to weight the factors and rank the cases. Finally, the strategies have been provided in the form of quadratic strategies and formulating the QSPM matrix to prioritize and select the best strategies. The SWOT technique has been adopted to examine the status of the feasibility of participatory urban governance (NBN program) in the mentioned area to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats and analyze internal and external factors to maximize strengths and opportunities and minimize weaknesses and threats. Results and discussion The results indicate that the total score of the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) is 1.96, which is lower than the ideal score (2.5). This means that the 2nd district of Tabriz Metropolitan Area, in terms of the possibility of using the participatory urban governance model (NBN program), has unfavorable internal conditions. This region has dramatic weaknesses in terms of the internal factors. The total final score of the external factors (opportunities and threats) is 1.78 and as internal factors, it is lower than the normal score (2.5); that is, the aforementioned region has not been able to react against the exogenous factors properly. In other words, it has not been able to take advantage of the factors considered as opportunities and avoid the factors threatening them. The internal-external factors matrix also indicates that the location of this region in terms of the possibility of using this program is in the first priority in a defensive position, that is, the strategy of the WT group (defensive) and the strategy of the WO group (conservative) is in the second priority. In other words, defensive strategy has been chosen as a superior strategy. This means that the region faces weaknesses and threats in order to apply the participatory urban governance model (the NBN program) and should reduce the weaknesses and prevent threats. According to the quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to prioritize WT strategies, "eliminating any algebraic space by custodians and managers of urban affairs can be helpful to create interactive space  as the first priority.    Conclusion In Iran, most of the programs and plans have been performed in an up to down state due to some factors including the disintegration of social relations in the city, poor social and local supports of the urban development plans and lack of a good governance model. Indeed, the dominant approach of the authorities is non-participatory. This matter has led to the lack of implementation of justice, rule of law, transparency, and all of these factors challenge the sustainable development. Therefore, moving from heterogeneous management to good governance is an inevitable choice. In this regard, one of the most effective practices in the governance of contemporary urban areas is the conventional management method that is called NBN. This method is based on the maximum participation of citizens. It can be considered as one of the most serious steps to focus on centralized management and "up-down planning" of the city and move towards decentralized participatory governance and "down -up planning".}, keywords = {good urban governance,NBN Program,SWOT analysis,second district of Tabriz Metropolitan Area}, title_fa = {امکان‌سنجی کاربرد مدل حکمروایی شهری مشارکتی در سطح واحد همسایگی (برنامۀ NBN) در تبریز (مطالعۀ موردی: منطقۀ 2)}, abstract_fa = {ساختارهای سلسله‌مراتبی که به‌عنوان «رویکرد سنتی» شناخته می‌شوند، ظرفیت لازم را برای استفادة مطلوب از ظرفیت‌های محلی و ایجاد محیطی با کیفیت بالا ندارند؛ از این‌رو لازم است ساختاری غیرمتمرکز و مشارکتی در الگوی ادارة امور شهر ایجاد شود تا حکمروایی خوب شهری نیز یکی از پایدارترین شیوه‌های اعمال مدیریت شهری به‌شمار بیاید. براین‌اساس، NBN با اصطلاح «همسایه‌ها، محیط پیرامون همسایگی خود را می‌سازند» یکی از موفق‌ترین برنامه‌ها در زمینة حکمروایی خوب شهری طی ده سال گذشته در شهر روچستر نیویورک است. در این برنامه، همة شهروندان سعی دارند تا محیط زندگی اطراف خود را ساماندهی کنند. هدف پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر امکان‌سنجی کاربرد مدل حکمروایی شهری مشارکتی در سطح واحد همسایگی (برنامة NBN) در منطقة 2 کلان‌شهر تبریز است. جامعة آماری براساس فرمول کوکران 382 نفر است. به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات نیز از پرسشنامه و برای تجزیه و تحلیل آن از روش تحلیل راهبردی SWOT استفاده شده است. براساس تحلیل عوامل درونی و بیرونی، امکان کاربرد برنامة NBN در منطقة 2 کلان‌شهر تبریز وجود ندارد و وضعیت این منطقه در زمینة اجرای این برنامه در گروه تدافعی WT قرار دارد؛ یعنی باید به کاهش نقاط ضعف و جلوگیری از تهدیدات در منطقه پرداخته شود. پس از تدوین راهبردهای چهارگانه و ماتریس کمی برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی (QSPM) برای اولویت‌دهی به راهبردهای WT، «رفع هرگونه فضای جبری از سوی متولیان و مدیران امور شهری و کمک به ایجاد فضای تعاملی» اولویت اول محسوب می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {برنامة NBN,تحلیل SWOT,حکمروایی‌ خوب شهری,منطقة 2 کلان‌شهر تبریز}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71195.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71195_b71fa4680b4b8043f0da93f323655087.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdollahi, Ali Asghar and Ghasemi, Moslem}, title = {Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Urban Public Services using Techniques of Vikor and Was Pas (Case Study: Kerman)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {695-715}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.238858.762}, abstract = {Introduction Spatial inequality and disbalance among the citizens of different area in a city is not a new phenomenon in cities of the world. However, in developing countries, there are differences in egregious social- economic inequality and imbalance in the distribution of urban services. This is because spatial structure of a city is formed of personal elements that are mutually together and the inconstancy of each of these components will affect the whole structure. In the present age, the main factor crisis of human societies is rooted in social inequalities and lack justice. Therefore, the important goals of this research is to check and analyze his distribution of urban services of look-out spatial justice in Kerman city as well as to evaluate the relations between distribution of population and urban services from spatial look-out. What is the accessibility of Kerman people to the services of the Kerman municipality in the urban districts? Are municipal services of Kerman properly distributed among the urban districts?  The justice of the spatial distribution of the services should have suitable distribution with proportional facilities and services (Kharazmi, 2008). On this basis, there are two prominent axese in the spatial justice, circumstance life situation (social environment and the physical environment) and the distribution of opportunities, and accessibility to social, physical and allegorical infrastructures. Many serious urban management challenges are related to spatial inequality in distribution of urban services. Increased focus of urban planners on urban influence strategy has increased population density and people's proximity to public transport, engagement, and urban amenities. The polarization of the spatial structure of a city may be resulted from management policies in giving privileges to an environment in attracting facilities and services or the inability of an environment to attract facilities and services. Therefore, the most important factors in urban planning are the use of spaces and distribution, and in other words, the fair distribution of space in the city. In this case, the user services and urban services are among the most effective factors meeting demographic needs, raising public interest.  They can enhance dimensions of spatial, social and economic justice. Methodology This research has a descriptive-analytic methodology. The statistical population is four urban areas of Kerman. Up to 14 criteria public service indicators have been scrutinized that have been scattered across the urban areas of Kerman. In this research, we initially evaluated the spatial distribution of the entropy of the population using the Wasps and Vikor models. The distribution of services in the urban areas of Kerman has been calculated. The Spearman method is also used to calculate the correlation between population variables and access to services in urban areas of Kerman. Results and discussion For spatial distribution of services in urban areas of Kerman, Vikor and Wasps multi-index models have been used in this research using 14 criteria. All of these criteria are positive indicators. The data have been gathered from documentary and field studies. The study options in this research are four areas of Kerman. In order to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the population in four urban areas, the city of Kerman has been used for entropy coefficient model. Using this model, we can determine the spatial equilibrium of population deployment and the number of cities in the urban, provincial, regional and national levels. Based on the values ​​calculated in step 6 for the options, districts 1 and 3 are above the rest of the area. The final ranking of the WSM and the WSM model also shows that districts 1 and 3 are higher than the rest of the regions. Conclusion   Based on the results of the research, the per capita budget of poor regions such as regions 3 and 4 is less than that of districts 1 and 2. Perhaps one of the main reasons for that is the difference in population density. Anyway, this way of distributing budgets, formed by spatial inequalities, is likely to be exacerbated. Also, the districts 1 and 3 have the lowest per capita park area and the least access to the hospital. However, the free medical services of Kerman Municipality in health  are also worth noting in terms of its distribution in different regions. In terms of the index of day-markets and fruit and vegetable fields, some districts like 1 and 3 share less. It is noteworthy that the poor urban districts have good access to these fields and markets. Filling leisure is in the form of sports and cultural activities of urban services. In terms of per capita sport spaces in districts 2 and 3 and cultural spaces in districts 2 and 3 have a good status. Access to public transport services is one of the features of social justice in the distribution of spatial services in the city. This is especially important because the residents of Kerman in districts 2 and 3 are largely dependent on the public transportation system due to lack of access to personal transport. Access to educational services is greater in the central parts of the city, and the South and Southwest sectors have an appropriate access to these types of services. The northern districts, besides the districts 3, are relatively well-placed in terms of access to educational services, but access to educational services in western regions of Kerman (district 2) is not appropriate. In general, the best access to educational services belonging to the center of the southern areas of the city has been concentrated. These services are concentrated in the center and central part of the south Kerman. The concentration of services and administrative offices in district 1 of Kerman is far more than other areas. According to this, the focus of services for public libraries of the city is also greater in area 1. One of the important components of quality of life in the city is the availability of services related to gas stations, fire stations and cinema. Most of these services are located in districts 2, 3 and 4. On the other hand, district 1 has the lowest number of these services. }, keywords = {urban services,space balance,Kerman,WasPas,Vikor}, title_fa = {تحلیل توزیع فضایی خدمات عمومی شهری با استفاده از تکنیک‌های تصمیم‌گیری Vikor و WasPas (مطالعۀ موردی: کرمان)}, abstract_fa = {عدالت فضایی از مباحثی است که در سال‌های اخیر در میان برنامه‌ریزان شهری اهمیت ویژه‌ای یافته است. از آنجا که خدمات عمومی شهری ساختاردهندة شکل و ماهیت کالبدی، اجتماعی و فضایی شهر است، بی‌عدالتی در نحوة توزیع آن، تأثیر جبران‌ناپذیری بر ساختار، ماهیت شهر و جدایی‌گزینی طبقاتی محله‌های شهر گذاشته و مدیریت شهری را با چالش‌های جدی روبه‌رو کرده است. شهر کرمان از جمله شهرهایی است که در سال‌های اخیر با رشد بسیار چشمگیری همراه بوده است. به همین دلیل هدف پژوهش تحلیلی-توصیفی حاضر بررسی و شناخت نحوة توزیع جمعیت و خدمات شهری در میان مناطق شهری شهر کرمان و تحلیل نحوة توزیع خدمات شهری از دیدگاه عدالت فضایی در یک نمونة تجربی (شهر کرمان) است. گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش با ترکیبی از روش‌های اسنادی و میدانی صورت گرفت. برای تحلیل کمی ارزیابی نحوة پراکنش جمعیت از مدل آنتروپی و برای بررسی چگونگی توزیع فضایی خدمات در چهار منطقة شهری شهر کرمان از مدل WasPas و Vikor استفاده شد. همچنین برای محاسبة هم‌بستگی میان دو متغیر میزان جمعیت و دسترسی به خدمات در مناطق شهری کرمان، مدل اسپیرمن کاربرد داشت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد توزیع فضایی خدمات در مناطق چهارگانة شهر کرمان نامتعادل و اختلاف میان مناطق در برخورداری از خدمات شهری مشهود است. براساس نتایج هر دو مدل، مناطق 1 و 2 بهترین وضعیت و مناطق 3 و 4 وضعیت ضعیفی را از نظر داشتن خدمات شهری دارند.}, keywords_fa = {تعادل فضایی,خدمات شهری,شهر کرمان,WasPas,Vikor}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71196.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71196_e17f40826d5e02317eebefffddea80bc.pdf} } @article { author = {Imani, Bahram and Joudi Gollar, Pouya and Heydarvand, Masood}, title = {Role of Sustainable Urban Development Indices in Organizing the Declined Urban Areas (Case Study: Neighborhood Alighapoo Ardabil)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {717-733}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.243114.795}, abstract = {Introduction In the recent decades urban old neighbourhoods have been forgotten. Most of traditional fabricates were the honor of their cities are facing decay more than 50 years. Nearly population of all these regions was relocated. The special cultural, social and historical heritages in different sectors were expired or are in extinction stage. Just few buildings stand or remained difficultly as memorial and they are memory of past urbanization and architecture. In old regions of cities and central districts,  modernisation didn’t happen and the mentioned regions have had hard resistance against the modernisation expressions which cause to non-implementation reforming and repair. Therefore, the designing consequences and construction criteria are main barriers leading to increasing decay in traditional fabricates.  In order to make precise analysis of the issue; Ali Qapoo neighbourhood in Ardebil was selected as one of the old neighbourhoods with high decay issue. Ali Qapoo old fabricate neighbourhood has been located in down town of Ardebil city. This neighbourhood has faced with problems such as urban decline and cases such as physical decay of fabricates, low crossing width, lack of attention to resident’s cooperation in enacted reforming plan implementation, resident’s economic problems, urban management inequality and conflicts. Current research tries to discover Ardebil city old area and Ali Qapoo neighbourhood by determining accurate cases of hidden angles. Ali Qapoo old neighbourhood in Ardebil city just such as other decayed fabricates in our country is in need for renovation surveys and old fabricates revival. One of the basic and logical surveys is to focus on stable development to local reforming and renovation. Surveys such as resident’s social cooperation, living environment quality, use of native materials to fabricate reforming and renovation and capability are preferences and main necessities. Methodology This research is combined with field and descriptive methods by applied survey and comparative study. This is a descriptive-analytical research in methodology. At first, the sustainable main criteria and indices were determined especially for old fabricates and urban places using library studies and field researches. Thus, 17 main criteria were refined for the research framework as economic, social and environmental patterns. Questionnaire tool were used to gather data. Using the questionnaire, we examined the statistics and required information and entered them into computer by EXCEL. Classified data and statistics and scoring of indices were investigated by experts in Expert Choice software in order to study Ali Qapoo neighbourhood sustainability in Ardebil city. Various coefficients and indices were determined for sustainability of the mentioned neighbourhood. One of indices has special weight based on importance which it presents validity according to score in sustainability criteria. Results and discussion By exploring the detailed plan and statistics of Ardebil city and acquairing viewpoints of experts and administers of organizations; scoring of the indices and criteria was implemented by Expert Choice to compute their relative proportion in total amounts. Among physical indices, building age index (A3) with score 0.557 is a main criterion to investigate Ali Qapoo old neighbourhood. Among economical indices, activity situation criterion (B5) with score 0.546 is a main criterion to investigate Ali Qapoo old tissue neighbourhood. The family household congestion in residential unit (C1) with score 0.373 is a main criterion to investigate Ali Qapoo old neighbourhood. Also, among environmental indices; rubbish and garbage excretion (D2) with score 0.665 is a main criterion to investigate Ali Qapoo old tissue neighbourhood.      In general, scoring of economic, social, environmental and physical indices can be used to determine the main basis of sustainable development of each fabricate. In current research for Ali Qappo neighbourhood, social index was recognized as a main factor for achieving sustainable development. We conclude that in the process of neighbourhood regeneration and reaching to urban sustainable development; we must prefer social indices and with regard to research analysis, environmental indices are located in next rank. They should be investigated in mentioned subjects.    Conclusion According to the results of this research, constant urban growth and urbanization in recent years lead to contemporary urbanization faced with new problems and challenges. Paradigm of urban sustainable development has originated from human thought to such challenges. It is a part of valid solutions in current era. Urban sustainable development without required infrastructure isn’t possible and the best pattern to sustainable development infrastructures is using existence and inefficient urban spaces, which called urban old or foreworn fabricates. In first stage of current research, we investigated traceable dimensions in urban development theories. We used inferential indices weighting in research factors and at last, preferred indices or criteria were determined to present related policies and subject’s coverage.   Results showed that, garbage excretion, building age, activities position and household congestion in residential unit had high scores among social, environmental, physical and economic indices. Also, we conclude that, garbage excretion, building age, activities position, household congestion in residential unit and social dimension have main importance about sustainable development of old and foreworn fabricates.}, keywords = {sustainability index,old neighborhoods,Sustainable City,Public participation,Ardebil City}, title_fa = {واکاوی نقش شاخص‌های توسعۀ پایدار شهری در ساماندهی نواحی دچار افت شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: محلۀ عالی‌قاپوی اردبیل)}, abstract_fa = {این مقاله با قرارداشتن در دستة سیاست‌پژوهی، به‌دنبال شناخت و تبیین مفاهیم و ارکان پایداری شهری و ردیابی آن‌ها در چارچوب احیای نواحی دچار افت شهری است. با گذشت بیش از دو دهه از طرح انگاشت توسعة پایدار در مجامع جهانی، متون حاضر به سه رکن مردم-اقدامات در ارتباط با کیفیت زندگی، سیاره-عوامل زیست‌محیطی مانند انرژی و آلودگی‌ها و سود-ارزیابی کسب‌وکار و عملکرد اقتصادی اشاره دارند. نواحی دچار افت شهری، عرصه‌هایی از شهر هستند که در مواجهه با سه رکن یادشده با مشکل روبه‌رو شده و به عبارت دیگر ارزش‌افزودة خود را بنا به ناتوانی در پیوستن به سیر پایداری محبوس نگه داشته‌اند و به مدیریت تغییرات گسترده یا به بیانی دیگر بازآفرینی نیاز دارند. شهر اردبیل با پیشینة تاریخی کهن و داشتن ارزش‌های مذهبی، فرهنگی، محیطی و گردشگری از جمله شهرهایی است که نمی‌توان بی‌اعتنا از کنار فرسودگی یا افت شهری بخش‌های مرکزی و میانی که حدود 536 هکتار وسعت دارد و مهجورماندن فضاها و مجموعه‌های ارزشمند آن گذشت. در پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر با طرح پرسشنامه‌ای، شاخص‌های توسعة پایدار شهری شناسایی و میزان تطبیق طرح بهسازی و بازسازی بافت‌های فرسودة اطراف بقعة شیخ صفی‌الدین اردبیل بررسی شد. در ادامه با تحلیل پرسشنامه و شاخص‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای Excel و Expertchoice مهم‌ترین راهکارهای دستیابی به توسعة پایدار در بافت فرسوده محلة شیخ صفی (عالی‌قاپو) از جمله برنامه‌ریزی‌ها مشارکتی، عدالت اجتماعی و آموزش به ساکنان برای ارتقای سطح اجتماعی و نظایر آن ارائه شد.}, keywords_fa = {اردبیل,شاخص پایداری,محله‌های فرسوده,شهر پایدار,مشارکت مردمی}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71197.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71197_6b95e9b3b2c4d2b585e4f45e7644c6fb.pdf} } @article { author = {Istgaldi, Mostafa and khajeh Nabei, Fahime and Hajizadeh, Fazel and Sattarzadeh, Nezamaldin}, title = {Satisfaction of Urban Residents about the Urban Furniture (Case Study: Five Different Regions of Zahedan)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {735-752}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.252274.865}, abstract = {Introduction In urban areas, public spaces are considered as the areas widely used citizens. They can also potentially play an important role in promoting the social quality of life by creating a similar sense of place for the urban community. Hence, the urban space is the place where people spend most of their time and establish maximum communication with each other and their surroundings. Therefore, the arrangement of space and the facilities that are nowadays known as urban furniture is very important. Thus, urban furniture is a set of structural elements that depend on the cultural characteristics of cities and play an important role in recognizing the city, especially in promoting social welfare. According to Bairex, urban furniture elements have the characteristics to make communication among people, meaning functional and beauty. Hence, there are many qualities that give identity to the region and complement it. For these reasons, urban furniture elements are of great importance not only for functional purposes, but also because of the effects they have on restoring urban prospects. Since the three main goals of urban planning are health, comfort and beauty, achieving all three items, along with paying attention to the pleasant design of urban space, are thoroughly boring in the design and planning of urban furniture. The beautiful furniture in the sunny atmosphere will not be charming, and the beauty of the area where the furniture will be laid will not appear. For this purpose, the design of the urban space and urban furniture is the basis for reaching the present-day healthy city. On the other hand, paying attention to human proportions in the manufacture of urban furniture, as well as to the conditions of the climatic conditions and indigenous materials is also a necessity in the design of urban furniture. Methodology This research has an applied-developmental purpose with descriptive-analytical method. The population of the study is all residents of Zahedan city. According to the census of 2016, population of the city was 587730 people. Using Cochran formula, 323 people were selected as samples. Therefore, a simple random sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires at the level of five areas of Zahedan proportional to the population of each region at the level of districts. Thus,  validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert opinions via Cronbach's alpha. This was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha for each group of factors and indicators is as follows: Environmental Quality 0.864, Fit and beauty, 0.775, correct layout of furniture 0.782 and non-coherent urban structure 0.876. In order to analyze the data collected by one-sample T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient was used in SPSS software. For leveling of the five areas of Zahedan city, we used urban models of the model components. Results and discussion The present research used to measure urban furniture from a large number of components in the four dimensions of "environmental quality", "beauty and fit", "proper placement" and "urban inhuman structure". In addition, one-sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the components of urban furniture. Results of the components related to the "quality of the environment" indicate that the majority of the components are less than the initial set value of the test, that is, the number 3, as a whole, the overall status of the "environmental quality" indicator with an average of 2.63 is lower than the level of the initial test value. The four factors related to the "beauty and fit of urban furniture" shows that all its components are considered to be low. Also, the mean value obtained for all components related to the factor of "urban inhomogeneity" was lower than the mean value of the test, and the average overall factor of the "urban inhomogeneity structure" was equal to 2.34. Pearson correlation coefficient test results indicate that in all cases, there is a significant relationship between four factors of urban furniture and satisfaction index. Among urban furniture factors, the most correlation is due to the correct placement of urban furniture and urban inhomogeneity with a correlation coefficient of 0.481. Findings of the Vicor model also indicate that the districts one and five in terms of urban furniture elements are in high level of development. Conclusion The theme of urban furniture, as one of the most prominent examples of the maintenance, identity, visual beauty of the city, and citizens' satisfaction, has become an important knowledge of the suitability of the city's space and the quality of life of individuals. In this regard, the aim of the present research is to analyze the urban furniture components including environmental quality, proper furniture layout, fitness and beauty, and heterogeneous urban structure and its effects on satisfaction level of citizens in Zahedan. The results of a single-sample T test indicate that the mean value of the four components of the urban furniture is less than the assumed mean value of the test, so that the environmental quality factor with a mean of 2.63 is more than the correct furniture placement factors. The heterogeneous structure of the city and its beauty are consistant with the average values and in a relatively favorable situation. In the next step, the effects of four factors of urban furniture on satisfaction index were investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Calculation of correlation coefficient of the four factors of urban furniture as well as between these factors and satisfaction index indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between the factors and the mentioned index. Thus, among the urban furniture factors, the most correlation value was related to the correct location of urban furniture and urban inhomogeneity with a correlation coefficient of 0.481. Also, the highest correlation coefficient was related to the relationship between the correct layout of urban furniture and satisfaction index. Finally, the VIKOR model was used in order to examine the five areas of Zahedan in terms of the urban furniture components and determine the most desirable region. The results of this model indicate that the districts of 1 and 3 of Zahedan have a coefficient of 0.036, 0 and 1.000 in the best and worst situation in terms of urban furniture indicators.   }, keywords = {urban furniture,citizen’s satisfaction,fourth component of urban furniture,Zahedan City}, title_fa = {سنجش میزان رضایت‌مندی ساکنان شهری از وضعیت مبلمان شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: مناطق پنج‌گانۀ شهر زاهدان)}, abstract_fa = {هدف اصلی برنامه‌ریزی شهری ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و ایجاد محیطی آرام و جذاب برای شهروندان است. در این میان، مبلمان شهری یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر محیط شهری است که به شکلی وسیع با مفهوم امکانات زندگی، رفاه و روابط اجتماعی مرتبط می‌شود و می‌تواند بسترساز تقویت کیفیت زندگی شهروندان باشد. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، در این پژوهش مؤلفه‌های مبلمان شهری (کیفیت محیط، جانمایی صحیح مبلمان، تناسب و زیبایی و ساختار ناموزون شهری) و تأثیر آن بر سطح رضایت‌مندی شهروندان شهر زاهدان بررسی و تحلیل شده است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی-تحلیلی و کاربردی است که داده‌های آن به‌کمک مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (ابزار پرسشنامه) گردآوری شده است. جامعة آماری آن نیز شامل ساکنان شهر زاهدان در سال 1395 (587.730 نفر) است. همچنین حجم نمونه با فرمول کوکران، 323 نفر محاسبه شده و به روش تصادفی ساده برحسب جمعیت مناطق توزیع شده است. به‌منظور حصول تصویر کلی سطح ارزیابی شهروندان از مؤلفه‌های چهارگانة مبلمان شهری، از آزمون T تک‌نمونه‌ای استفاده شد. برای بررسی ارتباط متقابل عامل‌های مبلمان شهری و شاخص رضایت‌مندی نیز محاسبة ضریب هم‌بستگی پیرسون برای هر زوج از عامل‌ها و شاخص رضایت‌مندی صورت گرفت. براساس نتایج مطالعه، میانگین عددی عامل‌های چهارگانة مبلمان شهری پایین‌تر از میانگین مفروض آزمون (عدد 3) است. همچنین رابطة معنادار مثبتی میان عوامل مبلمان شهری و شاخص رضایت‌مندی وجود دارد. در پایان به‌منظور سطح‌بندی مناطق پنج‌گانة شهر زاهدان از نظر مؤلفه‌های رضایت از مبلمان شهری و تعیین مطلوب‌ترین منطقه، از مدل ویکور استفاده شد که نتایج آن نشان می‌دهد مناطق 1 و 3 شهر زاهدان با ضریب 036/0 و 000/1 به‌ترتیب در بهترین و بدترین وضعیت از نظر شاخص‌های مبلمان شهری قرار دارند.}, keywords_fa = {رضایت‌مندی شهروندان,شهر زاهدان,مبلمان شهری,مؤلفه‌های چهارگانة مبلمان شهری}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71198.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71198_e7807b2451f6388a2a5c10c7ab134828.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaal, Mohammad Hassan and Doosti, Fereshteh and Ramezanzadeh Lasbouee, Mehdi}, title = {Creative Tourism as a Tool for Urban Development (Case Study: Tabriz City)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {753-768}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.256650.903}, abstract = {Introduction Nowadays, visitors have a noticeable tendency to refrain from repeated activities in order to profit from new feelings and experiences. Creative tourism activities have provided an opportunity for tourists to learn more about local skills, expertise, traditions and unique qualities of the places they are visiting. Creative tourism is considered as a new generation of tourism. One participant has voiced the idea that the first generation is “beach tourism,” in which people may come to a place for relaxation and leisure; the second refers to “cultural tourism,” oriented toward museums and cultural tours. “Creative Tourism” involves more interaction in which a visitor has an educational, emotional, social, and participative interaction with the place, its living culture, and the people who live there. They feel like a citizen. The third generation requires that managers develop and recognize the creativity within their city as a resource, and provide new opportunities to increase tourists’ interests. Nowadays, cities are looking for industries that, while boosting the city’s economy, will ensure the comprehensive development of the city. The industries with features such as early return, not major investment (in comparison with other large industries), greenness and the imposition of the lowest environmental costs to the destination, direct and indirect employment, effective role in restoring and reverting to cultural expressions and local handicrafts are one of the best options for modern cities. Given the fact that Iran has some capabilities and limitations in tourism scope and understanding that it has benefited more from the cultural fields and economic conditions, the creative tourism is named as the most desirable type of tourism.  Creative visitor are a suitable target market for this country. Despite having wide range of capabilities in the field of creative culture and industry, Iran has a small share of the incomes from contemporary tourism. The weakness of advertising and marketing activities undertaken in the field of tourism has made a major difference between the views of foreign tourists about Iran, Iranian, and their cultures before and after traveling to it. It is worthy to note that favorable geographical conditions in Iran can attract a large number of tourists, increase economic productivity, satisfy the social and recreational needs, and make peace and friendship between nations, as well.  Not only Tabriz city is benefitted from a rich cultural and historical background and it has been selected several times as the capital of the state in the past, but there is also a specific ethnicity with a special dialect and a special lifestyle in the country. Unfortunately, this city has suffered from air pollution, abundance of unused museums, mass cultural tourists, and large commercial complexes. Therefore, this city has the necessary conditions for the development of tourism. In this paper, some questions are raised: does Tabriz have the capacity to develop creative tourism? What are the most effective factors and tools needed to make creative tourism and contribute to urban development? Methodology   This is descriptive-analytic research. All creativity related variables including creative class, creative economy, creative experience, creative city, and creative tourism has been gathered from various researches. A questionnaire has been arranged and distributed among 60 tourism experts in this city. The statistical population of this study has been selected among tourism experts in the Cultural Heritage Organization, municipality and university professors, experts in the Department of Tourism Development, and experts in the Journal of Cultural Tourism. The respondents filled questionnaires for needed information. Cronbach’s alpha test has also been used to measure the reliability level of the collected data. Accordingly, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.86 which is at an acceptable level. Results and discussion   According to the results of the analysis, the correlation coefficients of all variables are in the positive significant level. This indicates that creative tourism has a direct significant relationship with all the elements presented by the researchers in this area such as creative city, creative experience, and creative class. In fact, all of these components are part of a whole and meaning together. The creative talent component with an inclination of 72.4% has the highest correlation among other dimensions with creative tourism. The most influential factor in the development of this tourism in Tabriz city is social capital with 50.7%, and then dimension of creative talent with 48% is the effective second factor. This dimension had also the highest correlation among other dimensions. Other dimensions such as quality of life, physical infrastructure and creative experience are 32.1%, 23.6% and 9% respectively. There are effective for creating creative tourism in Tabriz. The results of this study were related to the results of Richards (2011) and Florida (2002) that accordingly stated that social capital such as participation is the most important creative tourism tool for promoting urban development. It can be argued that active participation among urban residents in the private sector with the public sector is essential for promoting the city in terms of social, cultural and environmental dimensions and sustainable urban development. On the other hand, there are other creative tourism tools for development of the city. One of those tools can be presences of the creative class and its strength in all economic, social and cultural affairs of the city. If this class has been powered to carry out their ideas and with their innovation and sufficient capital and by encouraging city officials to be effective in urban affairs, they could turn the city into a creative city. Conclusion Based on the findings, the city of Tabriz has been successful in attracting the creative class of the country. If this city can provide the standards of living based on the ideal of creative class, it can be better in the field of tourism development, especially creative tourism. Finally, based on the findings of the researchers, it can be clearly stated that Tabriz has potential for the growth and development of creative tourism. Today, with advancement of technology and the expansion of various social networks and the design of various websites around the world, it is necessary to introduce Tabriz using technology. It is imperative that managers of all fields involved in the tourism industry become acquainted with new types of tourism and accord their development with their needs. With the pervasive advancement of technology and the rapid transfer of information in all over the world and a change in motivations and demands, modern tourists with high general information have sought for diversity. By investing in cultural affairs and the enrichment of urban space and the quality of educational affairs, this city has made impressive strides towards attracting creative classes and developing creative tourism in order to become a creative city.}, keywords = {creative tourism,creative city,creative industries,Tabriz City}, title_fa = {گردشگری خلاق، ابزاری برای توسعۀ شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: کلان‌شهر تبریز)}, abstract_fa = {خلاقیت عنصری ضروری در توسعة اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی شهرهاست که برای افزایش ظرفیت تجاری شهرها ضرورت دارد. این امر تبادل دانش و تجربه‌های میان تمامی اقشار را آسان می‌کند و سبب می‌شود هنرمندان تمامی حوزه‌ها، به‌ویژه حوزة فرهنگ مهارت‌های نوآورانه را کسب کنند و تولیدات فرهنگی را ارتقا دهند. در شهری که بتوان خلاقیت را در همة بخش‌ها و ساکنان آن پرورش داد، مقوله‌هایی مانند جذابیت، تنوع و نوآوری در تمامی زمینه‌های اقتصاد شهری شکل می‌گیرد و مهاجرت نیروی کار از بین می‌رود. سرمایة انسانی ثروت اصلی هر منطقه به‌شمار می‌آید که خواهان حضور در جامعة شهر مذکور و مشتاق کار و صرف سرمایه برای ارتقای استانداردهای زندگی خود و خانواده‌اش است. در پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر، متغیرها از پیشینة پژوهشگران گردآوری و پرسشنامه‌ای نیز تنظیم شد. این پرسشنامه در میان 60 متخصص گردشگری به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی توزیع و جمع‌آوری شد. براساس نتایج، همة شاخص‌های مؤثر شامل سرمایة اجتماعی، کیفیت زندگی، استعداد، تجربة خلاق و زیرساخت‌ها ارتباطی مثبت و مستقیم با رشد و توسعة این گردشگری در کلان‌شهر تبریز دارند که از میان آن‌ها سرمایة اجتماعی و استعداد خلاق بیشترین اثرگذاری را در گردشگری این شهر خواهند داشت. براساس نظر کارشناسان، در شهر تبریز همة قابلیت‌های لازم برای جذب طبقة خلاق وجود دارد و شهر در این زمینه نیز موفق بوده است؛ بنابراین می‌توان آن را به‌کمک برخی تمهیدات به شهری خلاق تبدیل کرد و اقتصاد آن را ارتقا داد.}, keywords_fa = {شهر خلاق,صنایع خلاق,کلان‌شهر تبریز,گردشگری خلاق}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71199.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71199_f35de77d5b0b94e850ea1b506c1cc91e.pdf} } @article { author = {Goodarzi, Majid and Hajipour, Nazanin}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Distribution of Selected Urban Health Indices in Ahvaz Metropolis}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {769-790}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.261127.933}, abstract = {Introduction  Nowadays it is important to mention that the acquisition of sustainability in the development process involves human being to ensure the health of the environment. Accordingly, the health component of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is highlighted as one of the main sources of human security in assessing the status of the country's progress and development. Health is the state of full enjoyment of physical, psychological and social conditions. It should not merely consider the absence of illness. This definition of health is a positive concept based on a social model of health treating health as the natural right of human beings and sees it as a natural right to all social groups. On the other hand, the conceptualization of health is based on the medical-based model. Meanwhile, in light of the worrying and growing threat of citizens' health, urban and health planners propose a relatively new "Health Planning" reform which seeks to link the urban environment with the physical and mental health of the urban population. To strengthen the decisions on some key issues such as urban environmental health, social welfare can improve quality of human life. Ahwaz City, as the most populous city of Khuzestan Province, has been slowly growing in recent years. It has experienced many demographic and physical changes due to natural population growth, migrant acceptance, expansion of services, provincial capital headquarters, social, economic and social changes. Therefore, because of its population density in recent decades, Ahwaz suffers from problems such as unemployment, poverty, lack of services and urban infrastructure, unequal access, environmental pollution, exhausted texture, informal housing, low quality of life, and so on. This process made imbalanced flow of services and facilities and raised the issues of social justice, spatial justice and urban sustainability. To this end, the present study seeks to adapt the urban health indices in the metropolitan city of Ahwaz. The significance of this problem is due to the fact that the city, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is one of the most polluted cities in the world and has endangered the health of its citizens. Apart from discussing environmental issues, the difference in the availability of facilities and indicators of urban health among Ahwaz is another threat to citizens' health. Methodology  The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature, and theoretical-practical in terms of the research method. In this research, two types of library studies using articles, dissertation, internet, comprehensive and detailed plans of Ahwaz, etc. and field studies were employed to collect data and information of indicators. In the present study, by investigating health indices presented by the World Health Organization (WHO), we identified the indicators and indices for Ahwaz. For the aim of this study, which considers Ahwaz urban health indicators and urban health  indices were compiled via primary screening.  We have extracted 28 indicators whose degree of repeatability is more than other indices. The statistical population of this study is the population of seven municipalities of Ahwaz. To analyze the data for the comparative evaluation of urban health indices, the PROMETHEE decision making model and fuzzy inference system were used in MATLAB software. The PROMETHEE method: This technique, outlined first by Jean-Pierre Brans and Bertrand Mareschal in 1986, is used for enriching evaluations. The PROMETHEE technique is one of the MADM methods and as an efficient model using two preferred words to choose the best option. Fuzzy Inference System: generally speaking, it has a fuzzied input, a knowledge database providing the rationale necessary for the process of reasoning, and as the main stage of analysis, which is burdened with the task of approximate reasoning and fuzzy inference in the form of fuzzy rules (if = then) on the inputs of the model in its various stages. In the next step, the output of each step is used as the input of the next step until the last fuzzy output of the system is extracted. In the next step, final values are obtained through the non-fuzzy operation for the primary components and the base components (the research indices and components). Results and discussion    In the PROMETHEE method applied to the regions, priorities were finalized based on three (positive, negative, and pure) streams. According to the results, districts 2, 3 and 1 have the highest positive flow and the lowest negative value, while districts 4, 7, 6, 5 and 8 have net negative flow due to positive and negative flows. In the following, the method determines urban health indices according to the 8 districts of Ahwaz City based on the score of 1+ and 1. Indices with a score as + 1 are at the appropriate level and indices with a score of as -1 are at the inappropriate level. The results of creating rules in the fuzzy system in the Matlab environment also indicate that rules 14, 15, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, and 27 are true for Ahwaz. This means that the rate of development of Ahwaz's urban health indices is moderate, low and very low. That is the low and very low membership indices in Ahwaz. Conclusion As the results illustrate, there are differences between the urban districts of Ahwaz in terms of the status of healthy indicators and indices such as climate conditions, urban accesses, employment status, etc. These are inappropriate as compared with other indices. In order to establish the spatial justice and equal access of the citizens of Ahwaz to the facilities, we presented suggestions including consideration of environmental issues such as quality of habitats, climate pollution, crime reduction, organization of urban exhausted texture and marginalization, increase of facilities and infrastructure services, increase of per capita municipal services, etc.}, keywords = {comparative analysis,urban health,PROMETHEE Method,Fuzzy System,Ahwaz Metropolis}, title_fa = {تحلیل تطبیقی توزیع شاخص‌های منتخب سلامت شهری در کلان‌شهر اهواز}, abstract_fa = {انسان در مرکزیت برنامه‌های توسعه قرار دارد؛ از این‌رو محورقرارگرفتن «سلامت انسان» با تمامی ابعاد و شئون آن نقشی اساسی در توسعه دارد و حلقة مرکزی تمامی ابعاد توسعة پایدار محسوب می‌شود. برنامه‌ریزی‌های توسعه‌ای در کشورها - چه در سطح شهری چه منطقه‌ای - بدون درنظرگرفتن مؤلفة سلامت انسان دچار نقص در ماهیت برنامه‌ریزی می‌شوند؛ از این‌رو «کیفیت و سلامت شرایط زندگی ساکنان شهرها به‌عنوان مرکز سیاست‌های برنامه‌ریزی شهری» امری پذیرفته‌شده و مسئله‌ای حیاتی برای نیل به توسعة پایدار شهرها به‌شمار می‌آید. شهر اهواز یکی از کلان‌شهرهای کشور است که به آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی دچار شده است و امکانات و خدمات شهری در آن کم است. از آنجا که این عوامل کیفیت زندگی و سلامت شهروندان را تهدید می‌کند، در پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل تطبیقی توزیع شاخص‌های سلامت شهری در کلان‌شهر اهواز پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش نظری-کاربردی و توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای شاخص‌‌سازی مطالعات پیشین عملیاتی شدند و 28 نماگر که درجة تکرارپذیری آن‌ها بیش از سایر نماگرها بود انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات این شاخص‌ها از آمارنامه‌ها و پرسشنامه استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها نیز به‌کمک تکنیک V- PROMETHEEو سیستم استنتاج فازی در نرم‌افزار Matlab صورت گرفت. در این میان، مناطق شهر اهواز براساس تکنیک پرامیتی با توجه به سه جریان مثبت (Phi+)، منفی (phi-) و خالص (Phi) رتبه‌بندی شدند. مناطقی که بیشترین مقدار مثبت و کمترین جریان منفی را داشته باشند در جایگاه نخست و مناطقی که با کمترین مقدار مثبت و بیشترین مقدار منفی همراه باشند، در جایگاه آخر قرار دارند. مناطق 2، 3 و 1 بیشترین جریان مثبت و کمترین مقدار منفی را دارند. مناطق 4، 7، 6، 5 و 8 نیز با توجه به جریان مثبت و منفی، با جریان خالص منفی همراه هستند. نتایج سیستم استنتاج فازی نشان می‌دهد وضعیت شاخص‌های سلامت شهری کلان‌شهر اهواز بین حالت متوسط، پایین و بسیار پایین قرار دارد که بیشتر تابع عضویت پایین و بسیار پایین است.}, keywords_fa = {تحلیل تطبیقی,تکنیک پرامیتی,سلامت شهری,سیستم فازی,شهر اهواز}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71200.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71200_f1a232b086dbaf3134bf5c632b847267.pdf} } @article { author = {Sedighi, Saber and Salek, Roghayeh}, title = {Analysis of the Factors Affecting Urban Space Commodification from Citizens' Perspectives (Case Study: Tabriz City)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {791-807}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.264812.966}, abstract = {Introduction Commodification of space means that space is constantly being produced and reproduced as a means of production for profit. Metropolis of Tabriz in recent years have been severely subject to commodity space due to the rapid population growth, the land and housing stock exchange, the privatization of public spaces, the expansion of vacant houses and inflation. Nowadays, uncontrolled land use change is one of the major challenges of the agricultural section of Iran. Hence, a big part of agricultural lands and also forest lands turned out of production cycle and natural resource. Mahmoudabad town as one of the agricultural areas of Iran is not an exception. Tourism especially in recent years caused intensification of land use change, house selling and production, place and tourism town production. These cases make rural areas of Mahmoudabad town as a commodity that tourism can buy it and use it as they want. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the urbanization of Tabriz urban space. The main objective of this investigation is to recognize the second home tourism economics, as well as social and environmental factors affecting intensification of space commodification process in that area.   In economics, a commodity is an economic good or service that has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats the goods as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them. The price of a commodity good is typically determined as a function of its market as a whole: well-established physical commodities have actively traded spot and derivative markets. Most commodities are raw materials, basic resources, or agricultural products such as iron ore, sugar, or rice. Space commodification means that we can buy and sell the space for profits in the market. Actually space commodification notifies that land house and places are commodity. In this way, in addition to space, , culture and environment of space are also commodifying.    Methodology   The research method applied in this study was descriptive-analytical. This research analyzed economic, environmental and social-cultural variables affecting space commodification. In this study, three hundreds and seventy nine questionnaires are completed in Mahmoudabad town level. SPSS 22 software was employed to analyze the data extracted from the questionnaires.   Results and discussion Based on the results, many different factors specially bank system, tax system and government policy had very negative impacts on town farming and production process. Among the bank factors, increase in interest rate can lead to serious damage to agriculture and pressure to farmer. Tax system cause attraction of more visitors to buy and sell land and take more profit from construction. There is no tax system about land selling and land buying expensive cars and houses. Government generally don’t help producers of rice and more help tourism and speculative. Therefore, we have attempted to propose suitable solution by recognizing these factors.   }, keywords = {space commodification,banks and tax system,government policy,Tabriz}, title_fa = {تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر تشدید کالایی‌شدن فضای شهری از دیدگاه شهروندان (مطالعۀ موردی: کلان‌شهر تبریز)}, abstract_fa = {کالایی‌شدن فضا بدین معناست که فضا مانند ابزار تولید برای کسب مداوم سود اقتصادی و فروش در بازار، تولید و بازتولید می‌شود. کلان‌شهر تبریز به‌دلیل افزایش سریع جمعیت در سال‌های اخیر، بورس‌بازی زمین و مسکن، خصوصی‌شدن فضاهای عمومی، گسترش خانه‌های خالی و تورم در بخش مستغلات، به‌شدت در معرض کالایی‌شدن فضا قرار گرفته است. این مسئله می‌تواند آثار اجتماعی-فرهنگی (افزایش بزهکاری، خشونت‌ها و آمار جرم و جنایت)، اقتصادی (گسترش فاصلة طبقاتی)، کالبدی (تولید و بازتولید حاشیه‌نشینی) و... را به‌دنبال داشته باشد؛ از این‌رو هدف پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر کالایی‌شدن فضای شهری تبریز است. جامعة آماری این نوشتار همة ساکنان شهر تبریز در سال 1397 هستند. حجم نمونه نیز براساس فرمول کوکران 379 به‌دست آمد و داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته جمع‌آوری شد. تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌ها به‌کمک آزمون‌های آماری مانند t تک‌نمونه‌ای و رگرسیون صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد از دیدگاه شهروندان، شاخص تورم (تورم در بخش زمین، مسکن و اجارة خانه‌ها) با میانگین 04/4 و ضریب هم‌بستگی 581/0 مهم‌ترین عامل کالایی‌شدن فضای شهری تبریز است. همچنین به‌منظور توقف یا کندکردن فرایند کالایی‌شدن فضای شهری تبریز می‌توان از ابزار مالیات بر خانه‌های خالی و مالیات بر عایدی سرمایه استفاده کرد.}, keywords_fa = {اقتصاد سیاسی,تبریز,کالایی‌شدن فضا,مکان}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71202.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71202_9d5fd22e1004e0d0b79adc6c81f036b9.pdf} } @article { author = {Abedini, Asghar and Karimi, Reza}, title = {Assessment of the Effective Factors to Determine the Capacity of Building Density in Historical Areas (Case Study: Urmia City)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {809-826}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.269102.997}, abstract = {Introduction To determine optimal building density, we have to consider the capacities of city and effective indicators. The suitable density is a balance between population, building density and capacity of the city. Several factors are required to determine the density in urban areas. This is affected by natural or physical factors and economic, social and cultural, environmental, technological and national policies of urbanization.  Today, non- scientific views to determine the proposed building density of urmia city is purposed with geographical, economic, population, physical, transportation, facilities and environmental features. This causes unethical loading of building density especially in historical areas. It has created problems such as traffic, dominance of buildings, lack of facilities, ghosting and etc. This can also offer practical and scientific methods as a viable solution for solving this problem. In any case, solution of this challenge is comprehensive and require multi-dimensional look to determine the building density in the historical area. In other words, optimal building density can show the physical identity of historical areas of Urmia city. To determine the density, it depends on privacy of historical monuments and capacity of historical areas effective indicators in the determination of density. The purpose of this study is the modeling of building density in historical areas of Urmia city on the basis of its capacity. Methodology This is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical methodology. Collection of information is conducted through library and field studies. After studying related references with building density, effective indicators are applied to determine building density for the historical areas of Urmia city. We have selected 10 indicators from different effective factors on building density to analyze the data. These indicators are population density, road width, plot area, number of floors, building density, the average price of land, existence of green space, existence of arid lands, existence of sewage facilities and privacy monuments. These effective indicators in determining building density have different importance factor, so in this research it has been used from elite opinions in order to determine the weight (importance factor) of indicators via AHP in Expert Choice.  The compatibility of the pairwise comparison is 0.08 and  acceptable for further analysis. In order to perform spatial analysis, the information layers have been digitized and editted in GIS and converted into Raster in Idrisi Selva and Global Mapper. Standardization of indicators has been conducted via Boolean method and Fuzzy functions according to the relation of each indicator with the goal of research. In next step, indicators have been combinedfor measuring the capacity of building density in Urmia city.  Results and discussion According to the results of AHP method, the maximum weight of 0.320 is related to privacy of historical monuments indicator and the minimum weight of 0.033 to the existence of arid lands. After extracting the weight of indicators, of information layers has prepared in GIS for standardization of layers. The obtained results from combination of the 10 indicators  show that 9% of historical areas in terms of the capacity of building density have low capacity of density, 18% have middle capacity of density, and others have high capacity of density. Application of these scientific methods can help urban experts and managements to offer ideal density model for loading of building density in the historical areas. The ideal density model is a model  to adjust densities in different aspects including image of city, balance in urban services, order in traffic and etc. Conclusion Creation of new buildings with an optimal building density with maintaining physical identity of historical areas depend on the respect for the privacy of the historical monuments, the capacity of historical areas and  effective indicators. Measuring the capacity is a fundamental principal in dealing with urban issues used in determining ideal density. . Therefore, given the effective indicators in determining density and measuring the capacity of historical areas in Urmia city, it can be acknowledged that the areas have the capability for increasing density based on capacities and privacy of historical monuments.}, keywords = {building density,Capacity,historical area,Urmia}, title_fa = {ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر در تعیین ظرفیت تراکم ساختمانی محدوده‌های تاریخی (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر ارومیه)}, abstract_fa = {در طرح‌های توسعة شهری نگرش موزه‌ای برخی برنامه‌ریزان و طراحان به محدوده‌های تاریخی سبب شده است تا با حکم محدودیت ارتفاع و حفظ کالبد فرسودة موجود، امکان افزایش تراکم ساختمانی و به‌دنبال آن صرفة اقتصادی نوسازی برای مالکان و ساکنان از بین برود و احیای محدوده‌های تاریخی به تأخیر بیفتد؛ بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین ظرفیت بارگذاری تراکم ساختمانی در محدوده‌های تاریخی با توجه به شاخص‌های مؤثر در تعیین تراکم است. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و توصیفی-تحلیلی است. پس از مطالعة منابع مرتبط، 10 شاخص براساس موجودبودن اطلاعات برای شهر ارومیه انتخاب و اهمیت شاخص‌ها نیز با توجه به روش AHP محاسبه شد. برای استانداردسازی شاخص‌ها، روش بولین و توابع فازی کاربرد داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که رابطة هرکدام از شاخص‌ها را با هدف پژوهش مدنظر قرار می‌دهد. براساس نتایج ترکیب شاخص‌های وزن‌دار، 9 درصد محدودة تاریخی از نظر ظرفیت بارگذاری تراکم ساختمانی در پهنة ظرفیت تراکم خیلی کم، 8 درصد در پهنة ظرفیت تراکم کم، 18 درصد در پهنة تراکم متوسط، 60 درصد در پهنة تراکم ساختمانی زیاد و 5 درصد در پهنة تراکم ساختمانی خیلی زیاد قرار دارد؛ بنابراین با درنظرگرفتن شاخص‌های مؤثر در تعیین تراکم و ظرفیت‌های محدودة تاریخی شهر ارومیه می‌توان اذعان داشت که محدودة مذکور توان افزایش تراکم ساختمانی را براساس ظرفیت‌ها و حریم آثار تاریخی دارد. در انتها نیز پیشنهاد‌هایی برای پاسخگویی به پرسش پژوهش به‌صورت زیر بیان شده است: - توجه هم‌زمان به شاخص‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی، فرهنگی، جمعیتی و اقلیمی برای شناخت ظرفیت‌های محدوده‌های تاریخی برای بارگذاری تراکم ساختمانی؛ - تأکید توأمان بر رویکردهای حفاظت و توسعه برای احیای محدوده‌های تاریخی.}, keywords_fa = {ارومیه,تراکم ساختمانی,ظرفیت,محدودة تاریخی}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71203.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71203_38ae97d317640c101618238f903dafa7.pdf} } @article { author = {Zanganeh, Mahdi and Abdolmalaki, Sakineh and Mousavi, Maryam}, title = {Evaluation of Environmental Quality and Satisfaction of New Residential Settlements (Case Study: Tohid Shahr Sabzevar)}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {827-844}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.219516.591}, abstract = {Introduction The rapid growth of cities and their structural development have caused various problems in urban life such as environmental problems and decline in the environmental quality. The quality of urban environment is a multidimensional concept. As one of the important aspects of life quality, it can have many effects in the life of residents. This concept can also have commonalities with other concepts like quality of the place, perception of residential satisfaction and dissatisfaction of residents from living places and so on. The importance of urban environment is for the fact that all urban problems have an environmental quality component. Therefore, the evaluation of urban environment quality and the satisfaction of residents are indispensable to recognize the environmental quality status and to perform procedures to improve it and present appropriate environmental quality patterns for new developments which are formed by preplanning and programming. Accordingly, Tovidshahr in Sabzevar has been selected as one of the preplanned environments and the quality of urban environment in this town has been evaluated. Methodology  This study is conducted as an applied and developmental research through a descriptive-analytic and survey-method. For collecting the required data, we have used questionnaires. The samples of the study have been selected from the residents of Tovhidshar in Sabzevar. They are ranged in 18-70 years old. Based on the Cochran sampling formula, the participants are 374 persons which explored individually. The random sampling method is used to identify the participants. The procedures like factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients are used for analysis of the data. In addition, GIS software is used for complementing the analysis and pictorially presenting the data.  Results and discussion    For doing factor analysis, at first the items were categorized into nine indexes and then they were subdivided into three dimensions of environmental quality (objective, subjective and objective-subjective) (objective) and then the factor analysis procedure was run. The values of KMO tests for objective, subjective and objective-subjective environmental quality were 0.789, 0.813 and 0.813, respectively. For exploring the satisfaction rate and the degree of environmental quality, at first the Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated among the variables. Based on the results obtained from the correlational matrix tables, we can state that there was a positive relationship among the variables. Factor analysis for residential quality in the subjective, objective and their mixture was conducted in three stages. In the final stage, all the indices were combined into nine categories.    Some factors have been able to account for the variables of the study. The factors are as following: The first factor, i.e., satisfaction with the spatial-physical structure, has aacounted for 6.872 % of variation; the second factor, i.e., feeling of satisfaction of living in the town, has 13.6 % of percent variation; the third factor, i.e., dissatisfaction with abnormal behaviors in the town, with 20.0%; the fourth factor, i.e., satisfaction with family relations and sense of community in the town, with 26.296%; the fifth factor, i.e., satisfaction with housing space, with 31.906%; the sixth factor, i.e., satisfaction with public transportation services, with 36.738%; the seventh factor, i.e., the extent of sense of belonging to the town, with 41.272%; the eight factor, i.e., satisfaction with the vision and nature of the town, with 45.268%; the ninth factor, i.e., satisfaction of security, with 48.495% and collectively the objective-subjective residential satisfaction with 48.495 % of variance.   The satisfaction rate from the viewpoints of Tovhidshahr residents based on the factor analysis revealed that objective dimension with the value of 56.97 is higher than the subjective satisfaction rate with 46.75 percent. In the combined indexes, the highest level of satisfaction refers to the physical and environmental index with 0.577 percent and the lowest rate is related to the social pathologies with 0.126 percent. In addition, based on the obtained map of environmental quality, the objective dimension has the lowest satisfaction rate with 2.73 percent value and the subjective dimension with 3.36 percent value. Generallythe objective-subjective quality has a moderate rate with 3.47 percent value.   Conclusion Satisfaction with life is a subject related to other issues like environmental quality. Since one of the objectives of urban planners is to enhance the satisfaction rate of residents regarding their living environment, the various dimensions must be considered to reach such an objective. Therefore, the environmental quality indexes, as introduction to the dimensions and various features in living environment, can be used to analyze the satisfaction of residents from their physical and social environment. The findings of the study indicate that the satisfaction has a moderate rate. In addition, it has been found that Tovhidshar, which is created by preplanning to account for the future overpopulation of Sabzevar, has not been able to attract the optimal satisfaction rate of the residents. Contrary to the common expectation, there is no direct relationship between the objective and subjective conditions. The satisfaction in the objective dimension is low and in the subjective it is higher. Consequently, the research hypotheses are not confirmed. In explaining the satisfaction rate of residents from their living condition, it can be stated that based on the field investigations, it was recognized that residents are unsatisfied with some influential features on the quality of urban environment or have problems in using these assets.   According to the theoretical principles and the findings of the study, it can be argued that the viewpoints towards the quality of urban environment in the frameworks of the subjective and objective views can present two different views of the quality of urban environment and the satisfaction rate. Therefore, adopting more practical and logical decisions for improving the quality of urban environment is impossible unless close relations with residents is established and their cooperation based on the principles of optimal urban government is sought about the quality of urban environment of their living condition. Finally, it is suggested that the residents must be consulted regarding the procedures which can improve the quality of their living environment and, thus, can in turn enhance their satisfaction rate.  }, keywords = {Tohidshahr,residential environment,Satisfaction,Environmental quality,objective and subjective}, title_fa = {ارزیابی کیفیت محیطی (عینی-ذهنی) و رضایتمندی سکونتی در شهرک‌های جدید (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرک توحید سبزوار)}, abstract_fa = {ارزشیابی میزان رضایتمندی محیطی الگوی سکونت، طیف گسترده‌ای از مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی، کالبدی و زیست‌محیطی را دربرمی‌گیرد که درمجموع ارزش کیفیت محیط را بازگو می‌کنند. این مقاله با هدف ارزشیابی رضایتمندی ساکنان شهرک توحید از مؤلفه‌های مختلف حاکم بر محیط سکونتی و شناخت شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت محیط شهری، از دو بعد عینی و ذهنی صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه نیز با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 374 نفر محاسبه شده است. در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، از شیوه‌های آماری به‌ویژه روش تحلیل عاملی و ضریب هم‌بستگی پیرسون استفاده شده است. بدین‌منظور گویه‌های پژوهش در 9 شاخص دسته‌بندی و سپس این شاخص‌ها در سه بعد کیفیت محیطی (عینی-ذهنی)، کیفیت محیطی (عینی)، کیفیت محیطی (ذهنی) تقسیم شده‌اند. همچنین به‌منظور تکمیل تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها و بصری‌سازی آن‌ها از نرم‌افزار Arc Map در محیط GIS استفاده شده و نتایج در قالب نقشه ارائه شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد سطح رضایتمندی از دیدگاه ساکنان شهرک توحید براساس تحلیل عاملی، در بعد ذهنی با مقدار 97/56 از بعد عینی با مقدار 75/46 بالاتر است. براساس نتایج ضریب هم‌بستگی پیرسونی، میان 9 شاخص حاصل‌شده از نتایج تحلیل عاملی با ضریب هم‌بستگی پیرسونی رابطة معناداری وجود دارد. بیشترین رضایتمندی از شاخص‌های کالبدی و محیطی با مقدار 577/. است. کمترین رضایتمندی نیز به شاخص آسیب اجتماعی با مقدار 126/ مربوط است. همچنین براساس نقشة کیفیت محیطی (نمرة استانداردشدة Z)، بعد عینی کمترین میزان رضایت با مقدار 73/2 و بعد ذهنی با مقدار 36/3 و درمجموع کیفیت (عینی-ذهنی) در حد متوسط با مقدار 47/3 قرار دارد.}, keywords_fa = {رضایتمندی,شهرک توحید,عینی و ذهنی,کیفیت محیطی,محیط مسکونی}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71204.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_71204_61d988e873bcf2df9f47a897f5c4d779.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {English Abstracts}, journal = {Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {1-37}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-1456}, eissn = {2423-7779}, doi = {10.22059/jurbangeo.2018.72093}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, title_fa = {چکیده های انگلیسی}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_72093.html}, eprint = {https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_72093_4f63b7d5210316e53294ab564f72fa51.pdf} }