موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 03 Analysis of the social resilience of housing in urban areas against earthquakes: the case study of areas of the 15th district of Tehran تحلیل تاب‌آوری اجتماعی مسکن محلات شهری در برابر زلزله مطالعه موردی: محلات منطقه ۱۵ شهر تهران 1 22 99190 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.378878.1963 FA ابوالفضل مشکینی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-3071-275X سمیه علیپور گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 06 05 ABSTRACT The damage caused by the earthquake includes the physical, social, and economic systems of the city. Social resilience against crisis is defined as the ability of a system or part of a system to recover after a disaster. Social resilience indicators have been extracted through content analysis and final evaluation from professors' point of view. The research aims to measure the level of social resilience in two hypothetical conditions with the same indicators and extract influential factors and elements from the citizens' point of view. The statistical population of the research is 20 neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran. The statistical sample with the results of Cochran's formula is 401 cases in 20 neighborhoods. Analyzing the information according to the questions and type of data using GIS and SPSS statistics software and the statistical method of exploratory factor analysis to determine the number of factors and the extent of the effects of factors and elements and the TOPSIS method is also used to stratify the localities. The results and findings indicate that the region does not have a good state of resilience, and the residents do not have a good assessment of the resilience of themselves and the environment. Nevertheless, in the pre-crisis questionnaire, Mazaheri neighborhood has the first rank of good condition, and in the post-crisis questionnaire, Shush neighborhood has the first rank of good resilience. In both situations, the Masoudiyeh neighborhood, with the last rank, has the most unfavorable resilience. Also, the factors of active population, the number of households and the number of women and children have had the most significant effect on the level of resilience before and after the earthquake Extended Abstract Introduction Earthquakes are one of the most common hazards that threaten human centers. Conquering nature to prevent earthquakes is technically unrealistic. The number of financial and life losses caused by earthquakes is increasing, and most of these losses occur in developing countries. The most common human response to natural disasters is to move to other places. In order to change this situation and improve a society's ability to plan and respond to earthquakes, it is vital. One of the important types of programs is known as resilience. Disaster resilience was used for the first time in the 1980s and refers to the concept of being able to absorb and sustain against dangerous events. Seismic resilience is a measure of society's ability to contain the effects of earthquakes and achieve timely recovery. The effects of earthquakes are different in urban contexts. One of the most important features of urban centers, especially in developing countries, is wear and tear, making these spaces vulnerable to earthquakes. The issues and problems related to the type of residential buildings, the issues caused by the materials used and the way to restore the buildings with a more or less rapid acceleration cause the movement towards the endpoint. In the seismic vulnerability of worn-out structures, the effective role of urban planning indicators, along with structural indicators, has been emphasized in earthquake prevention programs. Methodology The current research aims to measure social resilience and evaluate the factors and elements that are effective in the resilience of urban areas of the type of applied research. In terms of nature, it is a descriptive and analytical research that examines the influencing factors in the resilience of localities. Information was collected using a questionnaire of residents to measure the resilience of neighborhoods. It includes collecting data about residents' views before and after the earthquake crisis. In the review of experts' opinions, all the localities of District 15 were evaluated. For this purpose, Cochran's formula was used to extract the number of samples. According to the total population of the district, which is equal to 659,468, 400 samples were determined and divided among 20 neighborhoods, and 20 samples were assigned to each neighborhood. SPSS statistical software and exploratory factor analysis statistical method were used to analyze the data. In the second stage, after obtaining the importance of each variable in the level of social resilience from the residents' point of view, it was used to rank the neighborhoods of the district using the TOPSIS ranking and decision-making model. Results and discussion Measuring the level of resilience is also the most effective method in measuring and extracting the factors that influence the level of resilience and vulnerability of the society from the residents' point of view. This research used a questionnaire to measure social resilience in two situations before and after the earthquake. First, the general characteristics of the respondents were examined, which shows that the researchers conducted the research with a predetermined program and selected the respondents. This is because all the questions raised in this research require knowledge, a moderate education level, and the residential environment's nobility. The results obtained from the research model in the first part of the resilience questionnaire before the crisis, Mazaheri neighborhood of Area 1 is the most suitable, Afsarieh South neighborhood of Area 5 is the average among the neighborhoods and Masoudiyeh neighborhood of Area 6 is the most unsuitable. In the post-crisis questionnaire, according to the citizens' belief, Shush Area 1, with the first rank of TOPSIS, has the most appropriate situation, Valiasr Minai of Area 1 has an average situation compared to others, and Masoudiyeh of Area 6 has the most unfavorable situation in terms of social resilience after the earthquake. Conclusion Social resilience against earthquakes comes from different factors and also affects it by different elements. Since social resilience is related to the residents, their supervision and views are considered the most important factors and elements in reducing or increasing resilience. Among the effective factors in the social resilience of the neighborhood residents, 9 indicators have been used. Each indicator has different effects on social resilience after the earthquake, ranked according to the extent of their impact from the residents' point of view and with the research method. Also, these indicators have different effects in the stages before and after the crisis. From the point of view of the citizens living in the neighborhoods of District 15, among the indicators effective in resilience before the earthquake crisis, the first rank is the most effective factor for the human capital index and the last factor is for responsibility. Despite the existing ranking between the effective factors, the difference in the score of their effects is close to each other, so there is no significant difference between them. Among the factors that contributed to social resilience after the earthquake, the most effective factor from the citizens' point of view is human capital, and the least effective factor is the psychological readiness of society. The distinguishing point of this research from other studies is the comprehensive investigation of social resilience from the perspective of residents of the neighborhoods, each of whom has lived in the neighborhood for more than 10 years, and with the same questions or elements, it has investigated resilience before and after the earthquake crisis. In this situation, the residents imagined themselves in the state after the earthquake crisis and answered the questions that these questions are the elements that determine the strengths or weaknesses of the neighborhood or themselves in increasing or decreasing their social resilience. The results obtained in this research can be effective in the plans to increase the resilience of the localities, especially the localities with existing conditions in District 15, and be a guide for the decisions of city managers. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. آسیب‌های ناشی از زلزله مجموعه سیستم‌های کالبدی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی شهر را در برمی‌گیرد. تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در برابر بحران به‌عنوان توانایی یک سیستم یا بخشی از یک سیستم برای بهبود بعد از یک فاجعه تعریف می‌شود. شاخص‌های تاب‌آوری اجتماعی از طریق تحلیل محتوا و ارزیابی نهایی از دیدگاه اساتید استخراج‌شده است. هدف پژوهش سنجش میزان تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در دو شرایط فرضی با شاخص‌های یکسان و استخراج عوامل و عناصر تأثیرگذار از دیدگاه شهروندان است. جامعه آماری پژوهش محلات 20 گانه منطقه 15 شهر تهران است. نمونه آماری با نتایج فرمول کوکران 401 مورد به‌صورت مساوی در 20 محله است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات نیز با توجه به سؤال‌های و نوع داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آمارهای GIS و SPSS و روش آماری تحلیل عامل اکتشافی جهت تعیین تعداد عوامل و میزان تأثیرات عوامل و عناصر و روش تاپسیس نیز جهت سطح‌بندی محلات است. نتایج و یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که منطقه از وضعیت مناسبی از تاب‌آوری برخوردار نیستند و ساکنین ارزیابی خوبی از میزان تاب‌آوری خود و محیط ندارند. بااین‌وجود در پرسشنامه قبل از بحران، محله مظاهری دارای رتبه اول وضعیت مناسب و در پرسشنامه بعد از بحران نیز محله شوش دارای رتبه اول وضعیت مناسب تاب‌آوری در هر دو موقعیت نیز محله مسعودیه با رتبه آخر دارای نامناسب‌ترین تاب‌آوری است. همچنین عوامل جمعیت فعال، تعداد خانوار و تعداد زنان و کودکان دارای بیشترین تأثیر در میزان تاب‌آوری قبل و بعد از زلزله بوده‌اند.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_99190_8b5031d4f7d691effee6b0ee63ae38aa.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 03 Analysis of the distribution and spatial pattern of the elderly with an emphasis on the elderly-friendly city: the case study of Qom city تحلیل توزیع و الگوی فضایی سالمندان با تأکید بر شهر دوست دار سالمند مطالعه موردی: شهر قم 23 40 99192 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.378784.1962 FA کرامت اله زیاری گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9135-4768 مصطفی توکلی نغمه گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران هادی خانی گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 06 05 ABSTRACT Population growth in cities worldwide, particularly in developing countries, is recognized as a prominent and prevailing phenomenon of the modern era. However, this population growth is expected to decline in the coming decades as generational renewal rates decrease, leading to an aging population. These demographic changes have prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to introduce the concepts of "active aging" and "age-friendly cities," which have now gained widespread attention in urban planning practices. This study investigates and analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of the elderly population in Qom. The necessity of this research arises from the increasing elderly population, which demands more precise and suitable urban planning for this age group. Neglecting the spatial distribution and specific needs of the elderly can result in social inequalities and a lower quality of life for this population. By utilizing objective data, software tools, and spatial analysis models, this research created and analyzed hot and cold spot maps for 2010 and 2015. The findings reveal significant changes in the spatial distribution patterns of the elderly population in Qom. These quantitative and qualitative changes underscore the importance of implementing age-friendly city policies in line with WHO recommendations, highlighting the need for urban planners to give special attention to this issue. Extended Abstract Introduction One of the social phenomena that is increasing across both developed and developing countries is population growth, particularly within the elderly age group, i.e., those aged 65 and older. According to the World Health Organization, the elderly population will exceed two billion by 2050, with more than half residing in Asia and large urban areas. In Iran, demographic studies indicate a trend toward an aging population in major cities, exacerbated by a decline in the population growth rate in recent years. For example, Qom City, one of the country’s major cities, has experienced a growing trend in population aging. As discussed in this article, one of the emerging concepts in urban planning literature is the "age-friendly city," aimed at providing necessary facilities for the elderly population and ensuring their fair distribution. This article aims to investigate and analyze the situation of the elderly in Qom through the lens of age-friendly city components and indicators. Methodology This research investigates the spatial distribution pattern of the elderly aged 65 and older in Qom for 2011 and 2016. The study was conducted in two main phases. In the first phase, theoretical foundations and literature relevant to the study were gathered and explained. In the second phase, a suitable research model was developed to assess the quantitative and qualitative distribution of the elderly population. Objective and raw data on the elderly population aged 65 and older in Qom were collected according to districts and statistical blocks for 2011 and 2016. Raw maps representing the current situation were then prepared using GIS software. Subsequently, aging indicators, such as the old age ratio, were calculated for the specified years, and relevant analyses were performed. In the second part of the study, after calculating the indicators and preparing related maps using GIS, a hot and cold spot analysis was conducted using the Spatial Analyst tool in GIS. The results of each analysis are presented and discussed. Finally, the research concludes with a summary of findings, conclusions, and necessary recommendations. Results and discussion The research prepared maps representing the distribution of the elderly population in Qom for 2011 and 2016 based on raw population data. The 2016 aging index map of Qom reveals that the central areas, particularly District 1, have a higher aging index, while peripheral areas, such as Districts 7 and 8, exhibit a lower index. In 2011, Moran's Index of 0.151307 indicates significant spatial patterns, suggesting the formation of regional clusters with common characteristics among the elderly. The low variance further suggests uniformity in the elderly distribution across different areas. A high z-score and a low p-value underscore that the observed patterns are unlikely to be due to random chance. In 2016, Moran's Index increased to 0.231636, reflecting a notable intensification of spatial patterns. The lower p-value compared to 2011 signifies that the observed differences are statistically more significant than random occurrences. These findings indicate that the spatial patterns of the elderly population in Qom have evolved, with the increase in Moran's Index in 2016 suggesting a growing tendency to form regional clusters or more significant spatial disparities. A Global Hot Spot Analysis comparison for the elderly population in Qom City between 2011 and 2016 shows significant changes in their geographical distribution. The similarity value increased from 0.3256 to 0.5407, indicating that the spatial patterns 2016 were considerably different from those in 2011. These differences are evident in various aspects, such as changes in the number and location of hot and cold spots. Additionally, the Spatial Fuzzy Kappa value increased significantly from 0.3189, indicating a more significant spatial correlation between the two hot spot analyses, suggesting increased alignment in spatial patterns from 2011 to 2016. Conclusion In summary, the population aged 65 and older in Qom experienced significant quantitative and qualitative changes in their spatial distribution patterns between 2011 and 2016. These noticeable shifts underscore the need for urban managers and planners to effectively manage this trend by considering elderly-friendly city indicators. By adapting the physical environment and distributing infrastructure that aligns with the needs and characteristics of this age group, Qom can be better prepared to meet the criteria set forth by the World Health Organization for an elderly-friendly city. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of this article. Each author has reviewed and approved the content of the manuscript and is in agreement with all aspects of the work. The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants who contributed to this paper. رشد جمعیت در شهرهای جهان به‌ویژه در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه به‌عنوان پدیده مشهود و غالب عصر جدید شناخته می‌شود. این در حالی است که چنین رشد جمعیتی در دهه‌های بعد و در صورت کاهش روند تجدید نسل، منجر به سالخوردگی جمعیت می‌گردد. این تغییرات جمعیتی، سازمان جهانی بهداشت را بر آن داشت تا مفاهیم «سالمندی فعال» و «شهر دوستدار سالمند» را معرفی کند؛ مفاهیمی که امروزه به‌طور گسترده در برنامه‌ریزی شهری موردتوجه قرارگرفته‌اند. پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی و تحلیل الگوی توزیع فضایی جمعیت سالخوردگان در شهر قم انجام‌شده است. ضرورت انجام این تحقیق از آنجا ناشی می‌شود که با افزایش جمعیت سالمندان، نیاز به برنامه‌ریزی‌های شهری دقیق‌تر و مناسب‌تر برای این گروه سنی بیش‌ازپیش احساس می‌شود. عدم توجه به توزیع فضایی و نیازهای خاص سالمندان می‌تواند منجر به نابرابری‌های اجتماعی و کاهش کیفیت زندگی این افراد شود. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از داده‌های عینی و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های نرم‌افزاری و مدل‌های تحلیل فضایی، نقشه‌های لکه‌های داغ و سرد برای بازه‌های زمانی 1390 و 1395 تهیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان‌دهنده تغییرات معنادار در الگوی فضایی توزیع جمعیت سالخوردگان در قم بوده است. این تغییرات هم از نظر کمی و هم کیفی، بر اهمیت اجرای سیاست‌های شهر دوستدار سالمند مطابق با توصیه‌های سازمان جهانی بهداشت تأکید دارد و نیازمند توجه ویژه برنامه‌ریزان شهری است.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_99192_315f6ae98307c9eea273202f35a9d4e4.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 04 Validation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for adolesence: A questionnaire for assessing environmental correlates of physical activity هنجاریابی مقیاس سنجش پیاده مداری محیط محله بر مبنای ادراک نوجوانان با رویکرد بهبود فعالیت فیزیکی 41 60 99468 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.375390.1929 FA منا محمدی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-7489-1585 حمیدرضا عظمتی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-1908-721X بهرام صالح صدق پور گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-3251-2567 Journal Article 2024 06 06 ABSTRACT The rising incidence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is regarded as one of the foremost worldwide health concerns. Insufficient physical exercise is a significant issue affecting the health of children. The many advantages of physical activity in preserving and enhancing the health of children and adolescents are widely acknowledged. This study rigorously modified the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale youth version to suit the context of Iran and assessed the reliability and validity of the modified version among adolescents. The present study methodology employed is a cross-sectional survey. Field surveys were conducted to reconstruct a tool for evaluating the local environment for teenagers. The Iranian specialists conducted a cultural adaption of the NEWS. A total of 45 students successfully filled out the questionnaire during the pre-test phase. A cluster random sampling method was employed to choose participants from various groups. The sample size consists of 417 teenagers ranging in age from 14 to 17. The main scale information has been maintained with suitable compatibility and changes for contextual variations. This is the initial adaptation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for adolescents in Iran. The results suggest that this scale is a dependable instrument and may be utilized for future investigations. The content of the original scale has been preserved with appropriate adaptation and adjustment for contextual differences also that can be used to assess user needs and identify their priorities. Extended Abstract Introduction The rising incidence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is regarded as one of the foremost worldwide health concerns. Insufficient physical exercise is a significant issue affecting the health of children. The many advantages of physical activity in preserving and enhancing the health of children and adolescents are widely acknowledged. Walking has several benefits, including efficient use of time, reduced chance of injury, social acceptance, and finally the natural pleasure it provides, making it a valuable investment for improving overall health. The initial stage of policy regulation involves identifying elements that have a significant impact on people's levels of physical activity. Obesity is an intricate and multifactorial illness that arises from the interplay of hereditary and environmental variables. Research has regularly shown correlation between built environment elements and levels of physical activity. Developing culturally sensitive and trustworthy metrics is an essential initial stage for accurately analyzing the environmental factors that influence physical activity in Iran. Thus far, there has been a lack of a quantitative instrument to evaluate the perception of environmental neighborhoods among Iranian teenagers. This study rigorously modified the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale youth version to suit the context of Iran and assessed the reliability and validity of the modified version among adolescents. Methodology To accomplish this objective, a descriptive survey has been employed, using an approach known as exploratory factor analysis. The present study methodology employed is a cross-sectional survey. Field surveys were conducted to reconstruct a tool for evaluating the local environment for teenagers. The steps were translation, validation, assessment of content and visual validity, and surveys. The Iranian specialists conducted a cultural adaption of the NEWS. A total of 45 students successfully filled out the questionnaire during the pre-test phase. The coefficients for discrimination, consistency, and acceptance were computed. The research population comprises all secondary school pupils in the 4th district of Tehran municipality. To ensure socioeconomic position homogeneity of the samples, the population was separated into 6 categories based on property values. A cluster random sampling method was employed to choose participants from various groups. The sample size consists of 417 teenagers ranging in age from 14 to 17. Results and discussion Examining subjective elements is crucial for finding treatments that might improve pedestrian behavior and physical activity by altering perceptions of the environment or community features. Previous studies suggest that employing standardized questionnaires, in addition to other research methodologies, can yield more dependable findings when identifying criteria for pedestrian activity in communities by analyzing the mental interpretations of teenagers. To do this, the translation and back-translation process was supervised by specialists and carried out through pilot testing, surveys, and factor analysis. The tool's validity was assessed by doing content validity and structural validity analyses, specifically utilizing factor analysis. In terms of the tool's reliability proof, Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated a good level of dependability among the research population. The items identified by exploratory factor analysis were categorized into seven factors and assigned names based on expert opinion, taking into account the types of variables that make up each component. This study further demonstrates that the NEWS (National Early Warning Score) has satisfactory reliability, with an RTT (reliability test threshold) of 0.7. The primary determinants of safety, aesthetics, availability of physical activity facilities, access to street connections, variety of land use mix, sports facilities, and recreational areas were found. The research findings may not completely align with earlier studies. The main scale information has been maintained with suitable compatibility and changes for contextual variations. This is the initial adaptation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for adolescents in Iran. It showcases a systematic adaptation process used by earlier studies. Conclusion Regular physical exercise is crucial for the overall well-being of children and adolescents since it is a fundamental aspect of the field of health science. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend the impact of environmental attributes in communities on the physical activity levels of teenagers. The questionnaire has 61 items that may be administered separately, with each item requiring around 10 to 20 minutes to reply to. According to the study background, it seems that more dependable outcomes may be obtained by using a standard questionnaire with other research methodologies to establish criteria for measuring the walkability of areas based on the mental views of adolescents. The assessment tool's validity evidence and statistical analysis of findings indicate that this questionnaire is valid for the intended population. The research findings validate the dependability of the measuring instrument, with the items and ideas of this tool being influenced by research settings and cultural characteristics, as observed across many nations. The variables derived from factor analysis can effectively assess the subjective walkability of teenagers in thearea. Thus, it can be inferred that this questionnaire is suitably trustworthy and valid for assessing environmental perceptions associated with physical activity behavior, specifically tailored for Iran. The results suggest that this scale is a dependable instrument and may be utilized for future investigations. The content of the original scale has been preserved with appropriate adaptation and adjustment for contextual differences also that can be used to assess user needs and identify their priorities. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. کمبود فعالیت بدنی از نگرانی‌های عمده در مورد بهداشت کودکان است. محیط کالبدی محله یکی از متغیرهایی است که به نظر می‌رسد، می‌تواند سطح فعالیت بدنی و درنهایت سلامت نوجوانان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. تا به امروز ابزار سنجش کمی ادراک پیاده مداری محیط محله برای نوجوانان در ایران وجود نداشته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر باز ساخت، رواسازی، پایاسازی و هنجاریابی این سنجه است. برای تحقق این منظور از روش تحقیق توصیفی-پیمایشی با رویکرد تحلیل عامل اکتشافی استفاده‌شده است. در مرحله پیش‌آزمون 45 دانش‌آموز پرسشنامه را تکمیل کردند. ضرایب تمییز، هماهنگی و مقبولیت محاسبه شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه منطقه 4 شهرداری تهران است. حجم نمونه شامل 417 نوجوانان 14 تا 17 ساله می‌باشد. طبق تحلیل‌ها 7 عامل اصلی امنیت، جذابیت بصری، امکان فعالیت فیزیکی، سلسله‌مراتب دسترسی، تنوع کاربری نیازهای روزانه، مکان‌های ورزشی و مکان‌های تعاملی برای سنجش پیاده مداری ادراکی محیط محله برای نوجوانان شناسایی‌شده است. محتوای مقیاس اصلی با سازگاری و تعدیل مناسب برای تفاوت‌های زمینه‌ای، حفظ‌شده است. بستر پژوهش و عوامل فرهنگی بر گویه‌ها و مقولات مؤثر این ابزار اثرگذار است. یافته‌های پژوهش پایایی سنجه را مورد تأیید قرار می‌دهد و می‌تواند برای سنجش نیازهای کاربران و تشخیص اولویت‌های آنان مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_99468_5e8cfa5a29b73cf47b9f7605b0245ee8.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 04 Explaining the model of urban management in Water-Sensitive cities: the case study of Zahedan city تبیین الگوی مدیریت شهری در شهرهای حساس به آب مطالعه موردی: شهر زاهدان 61 82 98233 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.360319.1830 FA سحر تیموری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران عیسی ابراهیم زاده گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران 0000-0002-9953-1295 ابراهیم رضایی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 06 06 ABSTRACT Zahedan has been faced with excessive expansion in the past decades, and providing drinking water to the citizens of this city is one of the most acute problems of the city, and it is facing a severe shortage of water resources. This research aims to explain the urban management model in the water-sensitive city of Zahedan, which is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The required information was collected using documentary and field studies (questionnaire) methods. The statistical population of the research included officials, managers, and experts in the field of water affairs, as well as Zahedan City Municipality and Sistan and Baluchistan University. The sample size is determined based on the purposeful sampling method of 30 people. In order to analyze the data, statistical tests such as Shipro-Wilk, one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and factor analysis technique were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that between urban management in this water-sensitive city with indicators of water-sensitive governance (0.842), social capital (0.860), productivity and efficiency (0.847), adaptive infrastructures (0.599), ecological health (0.720), quality of urban space (0.877), water cycle management (0.703), minimization of sedimentation (0.811); there is a positive and significant relationship. According to the analysis of the factors that were the basis of this research and the results, a three-level model of urban water resources management, including sustainable human-social management, optimum productivity and ecological protection, and quality of urban performance, was finally developed. In order to optimally manage water resources and uses in the water-sensitive city of Zahedan, it was extracted and presented. Extended Abstract Introduction Most of Iran's cities are located in areas with severe water resource limitations. The development of cities for various reasons has caused an increase in water demand, and the need to supply water to cities is increasing day by day. So far, this increase in demand has been answered due to the focus on the water supply approach, mostly through solutions such as transferring water from extra-basin sources and excessive withdrawals from aquifers, which has led to the destruction of water resources and the reduction of supply capacity. Therefore, dealing with this crisis and adapting to water scarcity requires a fundamental change in urban development policy and water management in cities, and this can only be achieved by changing the water management track from supply management to demand management. In this regard, in order to solve this challenge, the participation of all stakeholders, including policymakers and decision-makers, citizens, media, the private sector and governmental and non-governmental institutions, is needed. In this regard, the idea of a "water-sensitive city" is proposed as a platform to attract the participation of all mortgage holders to sensitize and change their mental conditions and use all the communication and social capacities of society in the way of water consumption management. Currently, the number of residential water subscribers in Zahedan city is 164,000, the number of commercial water subscribers is 6,000, and the industrial settlement is 1,250. This indicates that the city of Zahedan is facing a severe shortage of water resources. Due to the fact that this city has been faced with excessive expansion in the past decades, the supply of drinking water to the citizens of this city is now one of the most acute problems of the city. Therefore, scientific study and investigation of the subject is critical. On the other hand, Zahedan, as the largest city in the southeast of Iran and the population hub of Sistan and Baluchistan province, like other cities in the country, faces many service problems, which include lack or absence of suitable infrastructures, disproportionate uses, the existence of environmental problems, and inequality in the distribution of services in the city areas and access to them. Therefore, the basic questions of the research are: 1-What are the most important indicators of urban management in the water-sensitive city of Zahedan? 2-What is the ranking of urban management indicators of the water-sensitive city of Zahedan?. Methodology In terms of the purpose, the current research is classified as applied research, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting documentary and field information. The statistical population in this research were experts and specialists. In order to complete the questionnaire of elites, urban affairs and water management experts, Zahedan municipality experts and university professors, the purposeful sampling method was used, a number of 30 people. In this way, an initial group was first selected for the interview, and then the next groups were introduced by the same group. The sampling continued until no new ideas emerged, and the research reached theoretical saturation. Results and discussion In order to investigate the relationship between urban management indicators in water-sensitive cities in the studied sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was used due to the normality of the indices. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a relationship between urban management in water-sensitive cities with water-sensitive governance indicators, social capital, productivity and efficiency, adaptive infrastructure, ecological health, quality of urban space, and water cycle management. Minimizing depositions; there is a positive and significant relationship. In this regard, there was no significant relationship between the dimension of urban management and the index of justice and equality at the 95% confidence level. Also, the highest level of two-to-one relationship and correlation between the research indicators between adaptive infrastructure index and ecological health was found to be 0.653 at the confidence level or significance p≥0.01 positive and significant. Based on the factor loadings obtained in the priority, the most important index in the human-social sustainable management factor was the social capital index with a factor load of 0.860 and then the water-sensitive governance index with a factor load of 0.842, which can be in this context, the necessity of cooperation and support of water-related departments in Zahedan, cooperation and interaction between people and officials in solving problems, decisions of Zahedan urban water management system based on knowledge and skills, the role of women in water resources management, etc., considering that the second factor included the productivity and efficiency index with a factor load of 0.847 and the ecological health index with a factor load of 0.720, the second priority in the field of urban management of the water-sensitive city in Zahedan, named (optimal productivity and ecological protection). In this regard, it is possible to point out the importance of proportionality of the benefits of the urban water system with other parts of the urban systems, the status of underground water quality in Zahedan, and such cases from the point of view of experts. The third priority was also named (quality of urban performance) according to the quality index of urban space with a factor load of 0.877 and the index of minimization of depositions with a factor load of 0.811. In terms of the quality of urban performance, the role of such things as the performance of urban elements related to water in order to reduce the thermal effects of Zahedan and the necessary potential of Zahedan facilities and equipment for wastewater treatment in the urban management of water-sensitive cities is undeniable. Conclusion The examination and analysis of the findings of this research show that in the urban management indicators of water-sensitive cities, descriptively, the highest average was obtained for the role of women in the management of water resources with a rate of 3.50 of the social capital index, at the same time, the lowest average obtained for the item; considering the element of water in the planning and design of Zahedan was 1.63 of the water-sensitive governance index. The average of the items and indicators of the state of urban management of water-sensitive cities in Zahedan was 2.25. Therefore, based on the research results, the status of urban management indicators in the water-sensitive city of Zahedan is unfavorable. On the other hand, the results show that there is a difference between urban management in water-sensitive cities with water-sensitive governance indicators (social capital, productivity and efficiency, adaptive infrastructure, ecological health, urban space quality, water cycle management, minimizing deposits); there is a positive and significant relationship. In terms of improving the quality of urban performance, the role of things such as the performance of urban elements related to water in order to reduce the thermal effects of Zahedan and the necessary potential of Zahedan urban facilities and equipment for wastewater treatment in urban management is undeniable. According to what was obtained from the results of this analysis, a three-level model of urban water resources management includes sustainable human-social management, optimum productivity and ecological protection, and quality of urban performance. In order to optimally manage water resources and water consumption in the water-sensitive city of Zahedan, it was extracted and presented that in practice and the implementation of this model, the cooperation and synergy of the relevant institutions will be a guide in this matter. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of this article. Each author has reviewed and approved the content of the manuscript and is in agreement with all aspects of the work. The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants who contributed to this paper. شهر زاهدان در دهه‌های گذشته با گسترش بی‌رویه‌ای مواجه بوده است و تأمین آب آشامیدنی شهروندان این شهر جزء حادترین مشکلات شهر بوده و به‌شدت با کمبود منابع آب روبه‌روست. هدف این پژوهش تبیین الگوی مدیریت شهری در شهر حساس به آب زاهدان است که از حیث هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات موردنیاز به دو روش مطالعات اسنادی و میدانی (پرسشنامه) صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل مسئولان، مدیران و کارشناسان حوزه امور آب، شهرداری شهر زاهدان و دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان بوده است. حجم نمونه بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 30 نفر تعیین‌شده است. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری مانند شایپرو- ویلک، تی تک‌نمونه‌ای، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تکنیک تحلیل عاملی در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که بین مدیریت شهری در این شهر حساس به آب با شاخص‌های حکمروایی حساس به آب (842/.)، سرمایه اجتماعی (860/.)، بهره‌وری و راندمان (847/.)، زیرساخت‌های تطبیقی (599/.)، سلامت اکولوژیکی (720/.)، کیفیت فضای شهری (877/.)، مدیریت چرخه آب (703/.)، به حداقل رساندن رسوب‌گذاری‌ها (811/.)؛ رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد. با توجه به تحلیل عاملی که در این پژوهش مبنا قرار گرفت و با توجه به نتایج این تحلیل، در نهایت یک الگوی سه سطحی مدیریت منابع آب شهری شامل؛ 1- مدیریت پایدار انسانی- اجتماعی 2- بهره‌وری بهینه و حفاظت اکولوژیکی 3- کیفیت عملکرد شهری. به‌منظور مدیریت بهینه منابع و مصارف آب در شهر حساس به آب زاهدان، استخراج و ارائه گردید

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_98233_e049d626ac024c87fedcfd995dee5088.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 05 Typology of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) at Metro Stations on Isfahan's Southern Line 1 Using the Node-Place-System Support Model گونه‌بندی توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل عمومی (TOD) در ایستگاه‌های جنوب خط یک مترو شهر اصفهان بر مبنای مدل گره-مکان-سیستم پشتیبان 83 100 99978 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.380033.1968 FA همایون نورائی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران 0000-0002-6343-7117 مهسا فتاحیان گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران 0000-0002-0461-8604 پوریا سلسبیلیان گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران 0009-0001-5264-3505 Journal Article 2024 06 07 Typology of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) at Metro Stations on Isfahan's Southern Line 1 Using the Node-Place-System Support Model ABSTRACT In recent years, cities have become the primary habitats for humans, with sustainable urbanization emerging as a major concern for modern settlements. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been introduced as a critical strategy for integrating transportation systems with land use in sustainable planning. A new area of focus within TOD is its categorization, which addresses local variations to create tailored policies and programs for urban development. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method to categorize TOD within a 500-meter radius of seven metro stations in the southern section of Isfahan’s Metro Line 1 using the node-place-supportive system model. The goal is to evaluate the integration of transportation and land use systems and provide location-specific recommendations for advancing TOD in Isfahan. Key indicators for categorization were identified through a literature review, followed by data collection via library research and field studies. The stations were analyzed based on these indicators, and the node, place, and supportive system dimensions were calculated for each, forming the basis of the categorization. Results indicate that transport and land use are balanced around Si-o-Se Pol, Kargar, and University stations, while Azadi, Defa-e Moghaddas, and Kuy-e Imam stations are dominated by transportation and Shariati stations by land use. Overall, five distinct TOD categories were identified in the southern section of Isfahan’s first metro line Extended Abstract Introduction Urban communities face significant challenges due to the growing reliance on private vehicles and the scarcity of environmental resources, which impede sustainable development. The Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach addresses these issues by integrating public transportation with land use and fostering compact, mixed-use environments that offer pedestrian and bicycle-friendly access to transit stations. This strategy considers local variations and supports planners in effectively advancing TOD principles. In Isfahan, rising traffic congestion has amplified interest in TOD. The development of Metro Line 1 presents a unique opportunity to reduce car dependency and promote sustainable urban growth. This study categorizes TOD at seven metro stations along Line 1 in Isfahan and provides practical recommendations for fully implementing TOD principles. Methodology This applied research employs a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on categorizing Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) at metro stations to enhance station area planning. Relevant indicators were initially derived from theoretical foundations and then screened based on criteria such as data accessibility, recency, and relevance. The data required for this study included census statistics, reports, revised master plan maps, and metro data from the Isfahan Urban Railway Organization. An extended version of Bertolini's categorization model was applied for data analysis, introducing a new dimension called "System." The Node-Place-System Support (NPS) model evaluates three dimensions: transportation, land use, and system support. Data analysis and final categorization were carried out using ArcMap and Excel software. Finally, after processing the data using Shannon's entropy method in eight stages, the position of each station in the three dimensions of the NPS model was determined, and station categorization was established using 3D charts. Results and Discussion The primary aim of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is to create urban environments that are both accessible and sustainable by effectively integrating land use and transportation systems. A key aspect of achieving TOD is ensuring that major destinations are within a walkable distance of public transit stations—typically within 500 meters. This study applies the Node-Place-System Support (NPS) model to assess metro stations along Line 1 in Isfahan, focusing on three critical dimensions: Node, Place, and System Support. The results of the analysis categorize the stations as follows: Si-o-Se Pol Station scores 0.89 for Node, 0.60 for Place, and 1.00 for System Support, placing it in the N-P- category. This suggests a balanced system that, although stable, has limited potential for further expansion. Shariati Station has scores of 0.16 for Node, 1.00 for Place, and 0.54 for System Support, falling into the N- category. This indicates an imbalance where land use has been overdeveloped while public transport infrastructure is insufficient to meet demand. Azadi Station, characterized by an overdeveloped transport infrastructure, falls into the N+ category. It requires more diverse land uses to complement its transport systems effectively. Daneshgah and Kargar Stations fall into the NP category, demonstrating effective transportation and land use coordination. These stations are well-balanced in terms of land use and transport integration, showing strong potential for sustainable development. Koye Emam Station also fits within the N+ category, indicating a need to increase land use diversity and mix to enhance the station's functionality and surrounding area. Defa-e-Moghadas Station, which shows low land use development and public transport capacity scores, is categorized as P-. This highlights the station's need for significant infrastructure and public transport capacity improvements. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored development strategies for each station, taking into account their specific contexts and needs to improve TOD effectiveness and contribute to sustainable urban growth. Conclusion This study utilizes the Node-Place-System Support (NPS) model to evaluate Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) at metro stations along Line 1 in Isfahan. The findings highlight that each station requires unique strategies to optimize development. Specifically: Si-o-Se Pol Station needs to maintain a balance between land use and public transport to preserve its stability. Shariati Station requires better integration between land use and transport infrastructure to address the current imbalance. Azadi Station should diversify its land use to complement its overdeveloped transport infrastructure effectively. Daneshgah and Kargar Stations should continue to enhance their coordination between transportation and land use, leveraging their strong potential for sustainable development. Koye Emam Station needs to increase land use diversity and mix to enhance its functionality and the surrounding area. Defa-e-Moghadas Station requires significant improvements in amenities, infrastructure, and safe pedestrian pathways to boost both land use development and public transport capacity. For further advancements in TOD, future studies should explore the impact of local cultural and economic factors, develop hybrid models, and examine the potential role of emerging technologies., incorporating community engagement and stakeholder collaboration can provide more comprehensive strategies tailored to the unique needs of each station area. By addressing these factors, Isfahan can more effectively implement TOD principles, leading to sustainable urban growth and reduced dependency on private vehicles. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of this article. Each author has reviewed and approved the content of the manuscript and is in agreement with all aspects of the work. The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants who contributed to this paper. در سال‌های اخیر، شهرها، به محل اصلی زندگی انسان‌ها تبدیل‌شده است و شهرنشینی پایدار از جمله دغدغههای اصلی سکونتگاههای شهری امروزی محسوب می‌شود. رویکرد توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل عمومی به‌عنوان یکی از راهبردهای یکپارچه‌سازی سیستم حمل‌ونقل و کاربری زمین مطرح‌شده است. گونه‌بندی توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل عمومی، موضوعی نوظهور محسوب می‌شود که به دنبال توجه به تفاوت‌های محلی برای سیاست‌گذاری توسعه پایدار است. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به دنبال گونه‌بندی توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل عمومی در فاصله 500 متری از هفت ایستگاه مترو واقع در بخش جنوبی خط یک مترو شهر اصفهان با استفاده از مدل گره-مکان- سیستم پشتیبان می‌باشد. هدف از گونه‌بندی ایستگاه‌های مترو موردمطالعه، ارزیابی نحوه یکپارچگی حمل‌ونقل و کاربری زمین و ارائه پیشنهاد‌ها مکان محور برای تحقق توسعه پایدار است. بدین منظور ابتدا شاخص‌های گونه‌بندی با مرور ادبیات نظری معتبر استخراج‌شده و داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های کتابخانه ای و میدانی جمع آوری می گردد. سپس وضعیت ایستگاه ها از نظر شاخص ها، تحلیل و مقدار سه بعد گره، مکان و سیستم پشتیبانی برای هریک از آنها محاسبه می‌شود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد، وضعیت حمل‌ونقل و کاربری زمین در پیرامون ایستگاه‌های سیوسهپل، کارگر و دانشگاه در حالت تعادل، در ایستگاههای آزادی، دفاعمقدس و کویامام با غلبه سیستم حملونقل و در ایستگاه شریعتی با غلبه سیستم کاربری زمین می‌باشد و به طور کلی 5 گونه توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل عمومی در جنوب خط یک مترو اصفهان وجود دارد.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_99978_d77e31aa49877f000563f2feaadc1c3e.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 07 Network analysis of land use change for food security and sustainable development of peri-urban areas تحلیل شبکه‌ای دانش تغییر کاربری اراضی برای امنیت غذایی و توسعه پایدار مناطق پیرا ـ شهری 101 120 100198 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.380648.1977 FA ناصر شفیعی ثابت گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی 0000-0003-3444-6652 فائزه ابراهیمی پور گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی 0009-0003-5663-204X Journal Article 2024 06 09 ABSTRACT Land use change, especially in peri-urban areas, is a significant environmental challenge associated with consequences such as reduced food security and imbalances in sustainable development. While numerous studies have been conducted in this field, a comprehensive and networked overview of these studies has been lacking. This research aims to analyze the knowledge network of land use change using knowledge network analysis to identify gaps and outline future research directions. This study collected and analyzed 1491 articles related to land use change from the Scopus database. Subsequently, the knowledge network of these articles was visualized using VOSviewer software. The findings reveal that the number of research studies on this topic was very limited between 1991 and 2003. From 2009 to 2016, it accelerated, and until 2024, the depth of this research gradually increased. The clustering of terms revealed food security and land use at the core of the network, supporting sustainable development goals. This research indicates that the knowledge of land use change is intertwined with environmental, agricultural, and social sciences. Also, the study demonstrates that this research area is growing and developing by providing a comprehensive overview of the knowledge network of land use change. However, there is still a need for further research in specific areas, such as theoretical innovations and international collaborations. Extended Abstract Introduction Rapid urban expansion has exerted significant pressure on the environment and natural resources. This trend has led to the destruction of agricultural land, forests, and natural habitats, reducing biodiversity and threatening food security. In other words, as human society develops, land use, particularly agricultural land, is constantly changing, which has a profound negative impact on food security. Given the growing attention and research focus of scholars and academic communities worldwide, this study aims to analyze the knowledge network of land use change and its impact on food security and sustainable development in peri-urban areas. The data for this study reveals the existing patterns, challenges, and research trends in the field, assisting researchers in predicting emerging areas and important topics. Examining co-authorship of articles also highlights international and interdisciplinary collaborations. Furthermore, it improves the quality of research and knowledge exchange, identifies weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature, and helps researchers and policymakers set and predict their research priorities. Compared to previous studies that have evaluated changes in land use and rural ecosystems, this research, based on the literature and background of the subject, seeks to identify and analyze changes and adaptations in land use based on thoughtful planning and policy-making systems and what is observed as incongruous and unsustainable changes in land use in peri-urban areas. Accordingly, through the analysis of the knowledge network as a new and multifaceted approach, this topic can lead to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in analyzing land use change trends, the challenges arising from the reduction of agricultural land, and its impacts on food security. Finally, many studies have separately addressed the issues of food security and land use change. There is a need for interdisciplinary approaches better to understand the complex relationships between these two issues. Addressing these gaps can be a starting point for researchers to focus on key issues and develop effective solutions for food security and sustainable development. In this regard, uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization can have many negative effects, such as reducing the quality of life, increasing pollution, traffic, and pressure on natural resources. Therefore, there is a need for effective policies and sustainable planning to manage these challenges. Methodology Based on the literature review approach, knowledge network analysis methodology was used in the current research. Therefore, the research method of this study is based on a three-level protocol of setting, monitoring, and analyzing the data set. The first step involved identification, screening, eligibility, and exclusion. In the second step, the articles, and then in the third step, the data was analyzed in the functional and network analysis framework. In line with the articles in this field and with knowledge network analysis based on previous studies, authorship, and occurrence of keywords, VOSviewer software was used. Results and discussion The findings revealed that among the keywords of all the documents published in the subject field, the searches of this field were recounted and shown in the form of a network. Searches repeated more than 50 times in scientific documents were detected using the software. The most basic queries were displayed in 5 clusters. Middle nodes represent more central questions such as food security, land use, food supply, agriculture, and climate change, and from the center to the periphery of the network, questions with smaller nodes are identified in the sense that the connection of those nodes with this field has been less studied. The subject of the research is new compared to the previous studies, and among these, the investigations that were closest to this research were conducted using the knowledge network analysis method. In 2021, Cheng et al.'s (2021) research recently mapped research knowledge about land use change and food security using VOSviewer. Conclusion The conceptual and thematic diversity and the interdisciplinary nature of the present research have caused various perspectives and thought frameworks to pay attention to the subject field. It should be mentioned that this research, with the knowledge network drawing method as a suitable tool for identifying the clusters and schools of thought suitable for entering into the studies of this subject field compared to the previous researches, has created a new research idea to identify its representation. Therefore, it gives researchers in the field of human geography and spatial planning the possibility to refer to new topics and the network of top authors in this field and use the findings of this research in their studies. Based on this value, the current research is a valuable resource for future research. Image analysis of the knowledge map of the literature with thematic context was performed in the database, and the research status, knowledge structure, and evolution context were examined. Funding This article is extracted from the doctoral thesis of the second author of the article. The scientific and spiritual support of Shahid Beheshti University is hereby appreciated. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. تغییر کاربری زمین، به‌ویژه در مناطق حاشیه شهری، یک چالش محیط‌زیستی مهم است که با پیامدهایی مانند کاهش امنیت غذایی و عدم تعادل در توسعه پایدار همراه است. درحالی‌که مطالعات متعددی در این زمینه انجام‌شده است، یک مرور فراگیر و شبکه‌ای از این مطالعات وجود ندارد. هدف این تحقیق تحلیل شبکه دانش تغییر کاربری اراضی با استفاده از تحلیل شبکه دانش برای شناسایی شکاف‌های تحقیقاتی و ترسیم مسیرهای تحقیقاتی آینده است. این مطالعه 1491 مقاله مرتبط با تغییر کاربری اراضی را از پایگاه داده اسکوپوس جمع‌آوری و تجزیه‌وتحلیل کرد. در ادامه، شبکه دانش این مقالات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار VOSviewer تصویرسازی شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تعداد مطالعات پژوهشی در این زمینه بین سال‌های 1991 تا 2003 بسیار محدود بوده است. از سال 2009 تا 2016 سرعت آن افزایش‌یافته و تا سال 2024 به‌تدریج بر عمق این پژوهش افزوده‌شده است. خوشه‌بندی اصطلاحات امنیت غذایی و استفاده از زمین را در هسته شبکه نشان داد که از اهداف توسعه پایدار حمایت می‌کند. این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که دانش تغییر کاربری اراضی با علوم محیطی، کشاورزی و اجتماعی درهم‌تنیده است. این مطالعه با ارائه یک نمای کلی از شبکه دانش تغییر کاربری اراضی نشان می‌دهد که این حوزه تحقیقاتی در حال رشد و توسعه است. بااین‌حال، هنوز نیاز به تحقیقات بیشتر در زمینه‌های خاص مانند نوآوری‌های نظری و همکاری‌های جهانی وجود دارد.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100198_f8976d7778c70a12a6ab8d82a3a1e706.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 07 Climate-Adaptive Urban Morphology: A Case Study of the Sang-e-Siah Historical Neighborhood in Shiraz City واکاوی معیارهای مورفولوژی شهری همساز با اقلیم شهر شیراز مطالعه موردی: محله تاریخی سنگ سیاه، شیراز 121 136 100197 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.379647.1972 FA کیمیا حق نگهدار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0009-0003-1727-6230 مهسا شعله گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0000-0001-7559-4614 سهند لطفی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0000-0001-9673-5658 علیرضا صادقی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0000-0002-0047-7533 Journal Article 2024 06 09 ABSTRACT The expansion of modern cities, the resulting environmental consequences, and the need to ensure human comfort in urban spaces have introduced new challenges for urban development designers. The morphological structure of cities, comprising patterns of streets, blocks, and urban areas, can significantly alter micro-climate conditions compared to macro-climate conditions, thereby influencing the thermal comfort of urban space users. Ancient Iranian architecture, known for its harmony with the macro climate, offers valuable insights through the historical textures of its cities, serving as three-dimensional documents of climate-adaptive design solutions. This research focuses on the Sang-e-Siah historical neighborhood in Shiraz City, utilizing documentary and library studies, field surveys, and GIS software simulations to analyze historical morphological conditions compatible with Shiraz’s climate systematically. The findings reveal that the morphology of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood, with its winding streets, high height-to-width ratios, limited sky visibility, semi-open spaces, complex block forms, and strategic building orientations, effectively mitigates hot afternoon radiation, blocks hot winds, and enhances shading and ventilation. These features collectively improve the thermal comfort of the area’s users. In conclusion, this study presents a design framework for climate-compatible urban morphology based on the historical context of Shiraz, offering guidelines to enhance thermal comfort in contemporary urban spaces. Extended Abstract Introduction As technology has advanced and cities have grown, people have increasingly shaped their environments to suit their needs, creating unique microclimates in their urban areas. This shift from natural landscapes to urban spaces has brought about significant changes in local climates, mainly influenced by how cities are designed and laid out. The arrangement of streets, blocks, and public spaces can significantly impact local temperature and comfort levels, making the role of urban planners and designers crucial in ensuring outdoor spaces remain comfortable and healthy. In contrast to modern cities, which often follow similar development patterns regardless of their climate, traditional architecture was carefully adapted to its local environment. These historic buildings were designed to take full advantage of their climate, reducing negative environmental impacts while enhancing comfort. This research focuses on understanding how urban design influences microclimatic conditions and thermal comfort in public spaces, with a particular look at the historical city of Shiraz. By examining the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood, the study aims to develop a design approach that aligns with Shiraz’s specific climate. Key questions include: What urban design features affect microclimate and comfort in public spaces? 2. How has the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood adapted its design to Shiraz’s climate? What design strategies can ensure future developments are compatible with Shiraz’s climate? Methodology This research is applied and follows a descriptive-analytical approach, combining documentary and library studies. Here is how the study was conducted: 1-Literature Review: We reviewed existing research to pinpoint the key morphological indicators and criteria influencing thermal conditions in urban open spaces. 2- Historical Analysis: Next, we examined historical documents such as maps and photographs to uncover how the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood’s historical layout adapted to its climate. 3-Simulation and Analysis: Using GIS software, we created a two-dimensional simulation of the historical urban layout. This allowed us to quantitatively analyze various morphological characteristics, including passage widths, block shapes, and overall granularity. 4-Data Calculation and Visualization: Finally, we used Excel to compute additional indicators, such as the percentage of built-up versus unbuilt areas, the building coverage ratio, and more. Excel also helped us create charts to visualize these findings. Through this process, we gained insights into how the historical design of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood effectively responds to its climatic conditions. Results and discussion The research data reveal fascinating patterns in the study area’s layout. The passages are arranged with a unique hierarchy, oriented between 30 to 60 degrees and 120 to 150 degrees relative to the north. These passages have a height-to-width (H/W) ratio exceeding. Their relatively short lengths and semi-open spaces limit sky visibility, creating a distinctive urban environment. The blocks’ organic shapes show a ground surface index (GSI) of 70 to 80% and a building coverage ratio (BSC) of 100 to 120%. They have a low unbuilt space ratio of 0.17 to 0.29, which helps shield them from direct climatic effects and strong winds. Typically, the study areas range from 100 to 800 square meters. They stretch from the northwest to the southeast, and each has at least one access point to a main road. Most of these areas are residential, with public occupancy levels between 70% and 90%. The limited open spaces are often organized into smaller areas, following a double--, triple--, or quadruple construction pattern. This setup provides residents with both private and semi-private outdoor spaces. Overall, the unique arrangement of passages and blocks in the study area not only contributes to its distinctive microclimate but also offers a protective shield from extreme weather conditions, ensuring the safety and comfort of its residents. Conclusion This research uncovers the unique features of the historical layout of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood in Shiraz, which has been skillfully adapted to its climate. The design effectively reduces radiation exposure and enhances shaded areas by positioning passages to harness prevailing winds and incorporating semi-open spaces. Using water features and vegetation further increases local humidity, creating a more comfortable environment. The findings of this research have significant implications for future urban development in Shiraz. It is advisable to incorporate the historical design principles uncovered in this study. This means considering safe increases in wall heights, expanding shaded areas with vegetation, and using semi-open spaces inspired by historical patterns. Urban blocks should feature organic shapes with a thoughtful mix of open, semi-open, and enclosed spaces to serve public and private needs. Additionally, public areas should be designed to maintain a minimum occupancy of 60% and follow traditional Isfahan city orientation. By adopting these approaches, future developments can better align with Shiraz’s climate and minimize any adverse microclimatic effects. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. گسترش دامنه‌های شهری و پیدایش پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی و ضرورت تأمین آسایش انسان در فضاهای شهری جهت تداوم حضور پذیری و حفظ سلامت شهروندان، باب تازه‌ای در برابر طراحان توسعه شهری گشوده است. ساختار مورفولوژی شهرها با تأثیر بر دامنه نفوذ عوامل اقلیمی، قادر به تغییر شرایط خرد اقلیمی فضاهای شهری نسبت به شرایط اقلیمی کلان بوده و بدین ترتیب، نقش به‌سزایی در تعیین سطح آسایش حرارتی کاربران فضای شهری دارد. نظر به اینکه ساختارهای کهن ایرانی به‌خوبی در تعامل با اقلیم کلان درآمده‌اند؛ می‌توان بافت تاریخی هر شهر ایرانی را سندی سه‌بعدی از راهکارهای طراحی همساز با اقلیم حاکم بر آن محدوده برشمرد. در همین راستا، در پژوهش حاضر با تکیه‌بر مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایش میدانی، به شبیه‌سازی شرایط مورفولوژیکی تاریخی همساز با اقلیم شهر شیراز در محیط نرم‌افزار GIS و بررسی نظام‌مند آن پرداخته شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد، مورفولوژی محله سنگ سیاه شیراز با معابری پر پیچ‌وخم، با نسبت بالای ارتفاع به عرض معبر، سطح پایین دید به آسمان و فضاهای نیمه‌باز؛ و بلوک‌هایی با فرم پیچیده، میزان بالای سطح اشغال بلوک و مقدار پایین سطح پوشیده شده با ساختمان در بلوک؛ و همچنین قطعاتی سه بر ساخت با جهت‌گیری شمال‌غربی-جنوب شرقی ضمن جلوگیری از دامنه نفوذ تابش گرم بعدازظهر ورود بادهای گرم، منجر به سایه‌اندازی بر فضاهای باز و همچنین تهویه مطلوب محیط شده و در ارتقا آسایش حرارتی کاربر خود نقش مثبتی ایفا می‌کند. در پایان نیز چارچوب طراحی مورفولوژی همساز با اقلیم شهر شیراز ارائه گردیده است

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100197_5a9e26464eebc97cc1c491728bf4883f.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 3 2024 11 07 Evaluation of influencing factors in the Presence of urban parks by content analysis method: A case study of Khorramabad city ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر حضورپذیری پارک‌های شهری به روش تحلیل محتوا مطالعه موردی: شهر خرم‌آباد 137 152 100402 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.380543.1976 FA سیدرضا آزاده گروه مهندسی شهرسازی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران 0009-0006-9618-4220 Journal Article 2024 06 09 ABSTRACT Over the last century, the population of urban areas has grown considerably. Today, cities are facing a decline in the quality of life and human well-being. In this regard, ecosystems in urban areas play an increasingly key role in the well-being of the inhabitants. One of the most important urban ecosystems are parks and green spaces in cities. The main purpose of this research is to identify the factors that will increase the presence of citizens in urban parks. For this purpose, Khorramabad city was selected for study. The method of this research is content analysis, which is in the framework of qualitative methods. In the current research, the content of the conversations held with the citizens of Khorramabad was investigated. In this research, based on interviews with 200 citizens, 180 units of analysis were obtained. In the next step, duplicate codes were removed, and finally, 140 codes and key phrases were obtained from citizen interviews. Based on the content analysis process in the second level, similar codes related to a topic were categorized in the form of concepts. Based on the proposed model, 20 concepts were identified. These concepts were also categorized in the third level and the form of common categories. Therefore, based on the research findings, six main factors have an effect on increasing the presence of citizens in city parks. These factors include Justice and equality, Visual appeal, Citizenship culture, Opportunities and assets, Sustainable management and maintenance, and Environmental management. Extended Abstract Introduction Over the last century, the population of urban areas has grown considerably. By 1950, these areas accounted for 30% of the world's population, nowadays reaching 50%, and it is estimated to grow above 65% by 2050. Urban areas only cover about 2.4% of the land area, thus having a very high population density. In this way, ecosystems in urban areas play an increasingly key role in the well-being of the inhabitants. One of the most important urban ecosystems are parks and green spaces in cities. Urban green spaces can support human well-being by providing a healthy living environment free of noise or pollution and places to be physically active, socialize, and restore. In previous studies, issues such as access to urban parks, spatial distribution, and the benefits of being in urban green spaces have been studied a lot. However, identifying factors and indicators affecting urban parks has been studied much less. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify the factors that will increase the presence of citizens in urban parks. For this purpose, Khorramabad city was selected for study. Methodology The method of this research is content analysis, which is in the framework of qualitative methods. The current research investigated the content of the conversations held with the citizens of Khorramabad. In this regard, in-depth interviews were conducted with 200 citizens present in the urban parks. Each interview was extracted in the form of a text. These texts were the units of analysis. In the next step, codes or keywords were extracted. In the next step, these codes were refined, and similar codes were identified in the form of concepts. In the following, the concepts were summarized in the form of a number of categories. In the final stage, the final report was compiled. Results and discussion In this research, based on interviews with 200 citizens, 180 units of analysis were obtained. The analysis units were categorized into code, concept, and category. In the next step, duplicate codes were removed, and finally, 140 codes and key phrases were obtained from citizen interviews. Based on the content analysis process in the second level, similar codes related to a topic were categorized in the form of concepts. Based on the proposed model, 20 concepts were identified. These concepts were also categorized in the third level, and the form of common categories and 6 common categories were extracted. Therefore, based on the research findings, six main factors have an effect on increasing the presence of citizens in city parks. These factors include Justice and equality, Visual appeal, Citizenship culture, Opportunities and assets, Sustainable management and maintenance, and Environmental management. Justice and equality are one of the main categories that influence the presence of citizens in urban parks. According to the research results, justice is important in different dimensions. Gender justice, spatial justice, fair access to urban parks, and the inclusiveness of space are among the most important concepts. The research findings showed that the facilities and welfare services in urban parks have an effect on increasing visits to urban parks. In fact, the citizens in the case study, emphasized on three main concepts, i.e., furniture, facilities, and cultural opportunities. The content analysis of citizens' conversations showed that the park management method is one of the categories influencing the increase in citizens' visits to urban parks. In this context, three main concepts were extracted, including management supervision, ensuring the safety of women and children, and the safety of people. The content analysis of citizens' conversations in Khorramabad city showed that the beauty of urban parks considering concepts such as color diversity, flower and plant diversity, water spaces, the combination of artificial and natural environment, and, on the other hand, visual signs and artistic creation, has an effect on the presence of urban parks. Based on the results of content analysis, citizenship culture and the behavior of fellow citizens in relation to the surrounding environment and the behavior of citizens with each other play an important role in the presence of urban parks. Another influential category in increasing the presence of urban parks is improving and promoting environmental management in the mentioned spaces. The research results showed that environmental management includes two main concepts, i.e., environmental cleanliness and health, as well as climate comfort. Conclusion In the era of rapid urbanization, the importance of urban ecosystem services such as urban parks, cannot be ignored. From mitigating climate change to increasing public health and well-being, these urban spaces play a vital role in creating sustainable and resilient cities. The issue that should be mentioned as the result of the work is that politicians, urban managers, and urban planners have paid more attention to the quantity of urban parks than the quality of urban parks. Paying attention to quantity will not result in attendance. Rather, it is possible to increase the presence of urban parks when the quality of service in these public spaces improves. Therefore, in addition to increasing the urban green space area and per capita, a step forward should be taken to improve the quality of urban parks. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. در طول قرن گذشته، جمعیت مناطق شهری به‌طور قابل‌توجهی افزایش‌یافته و امروزه شهرها، با کاهش کیفیت زندگی و رفاه انسانی مواجه هستند. به‌این‌ترتیب، اکوسیستمها در مناطق شهری نقش کلیدی فزاینده‌ای در رفاه ساکنان ایفا می‌کنند. یکی از مهم‌ترین اکوسیستم‌های شهری، پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز در شهرها هستند. هدف اصلی از انجام این پژوهش، شناسایی عواملی است که باعث افزایش حضور شهروندان در پارک‌های شهری خواهد شد. برای این منظور شهر خرم‌آباد برای مطالعه انتخاب شد. روش انجام این پژوهش از نوع تحلیل محتوا و در چارچوب روش‌های کیفی قرار دارد. در پژوهش حاضر محتوای صحبت‌هایی که با شهروندان در شهر خرم‌آباد انجام شد، موردبررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس مصاحبه با 200 نفر از شهروندان، 180 واحد تحلیل به دست آمد. بر اساس تحلیل جمع‌بندی واحدهای تحلیل، 140 کد و عبارت کلیدی از مصاحبه‌های شهروندان به دست آمد. بر اساس فرایند تحلیل محتوا، در سطح دوم کدهای مشابه و مرتبط با یک موضوع در قالب مفاهیم دسته‌بندی شدند. بر اساس مدل پیشنهادی، 20 مفهوم شناسایی شد. این مفاهیم نیز در سطح سوم و در قالب مقوله‌های مشترک دسته‌بندی شدند که 6 مقوله مشترک استخراج گردید. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق شش عامل اصلی بر افزایش حضور شهروندان در پارک‌های شهری تأثیر دارند. این عوامل عبارت‌اند از: عدالت و برابری، جذابیت بصری، فرهنگ شهروندی، فرصت‌ها و دارایی‌ها، مدیریت و نگهداری پایدار و مدیریت زیست‌محیطی.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100402_0c9de7fbac44fdcea080c61e55772199.pdf