موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 23 Geographical analysis of objective and subjective indicators of Dezful urban green space development with livability approach تحلیل جغرافیایی شاخص‌های عینی و ذهنی توسعه فضای سبز شهری دزفول با رویکرد زیست پذیری 1 18 100403 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.380545.1975 FA مسعود صفائی پور گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ایران مجید گودرزی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ایران فضل الله پژواک گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ایران Journal Article 2024 08 06 ABSTRACT Urban green space, as one of the key elements in urban design and planning, plays a vital role in improving the quality of life of citizens and maintaining environmental health. Therefore, this article aims to geographically analyze the objective and subjective indicators of the development of urban green space in Dezful with a livability approach. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature with a survey approach. Two library and field (questioning) methods were used to collect data and information. The qualitative Delphi method was used to collect data and information in field studies. In analyzing the findings of this study, the ARS model was used to determine the importance of objective and subjective indicators, and the statistical techniques of variance-based structural equation modeling and covariance-based structural equation modeling were used to determine the relationships between effects. Finally, Kriging zoning was used for geographical analysis in the three regions. The results show that the diversity of types of parks and gardens, with a score of 23 and an average rank of 2.3, the total number of public parks and gardens in the city, with a score of 31 and an average rank of 3.1, and the total area of public parks and gardens, with a score of 42 and an average rank of 4.2 are in the first to third ranks. Objective indicators of green space development in Dezful explain 76% of the variance of the livability variable. Thus, the research hypothesis that the development of objective indicators affects the improvement of Dezful's livability is confirmed. Also, the results of the geographical analysis show that the largest area is in the medium range. Extended Abstract Introduction By examining the objective and subjective indicators of green space development in Dezful, we can identify strategies in this field and provide solutions for future sustainable development of green space. Also, this analysis helps us understand the spatial relationships between indicators and identify points that are conducive to green space development. Therefore, this research aims to geographically analyze the objective and subjective indicators of urban green space development in Dezful with a livability approach. This study examines how these indicators affect the quality of life of residents and the promotion of urban livability. It seeks to answer the following question: -How do the objective and subjective indicators of green space development in Dezful affect urban livability? Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature with a survey approach. Two methods, library and field (questionnaire), were used to collect data and information. The qualitative Delphi method was used to collect data and information in field studies. The Delphi group members, 20 people, were selected from among academic and executive experts related to the sciences and professions of urban management, urban planning, and urban development from public universities in Dezful and the municipality through the expert method and searching for their educational and professional backgrounds in cyberspace. After the Delphi group was formed, the desired items were extracted from the theoretical backgrounds and foundations of this study, and the initial questions (questionnaire) were prepared based on them and sent to the group members via e-mail. The process of obtaining the open self, modifying the criteria and questions, and obtaining a final agreement (adaptation of answers) was carried out in four steps. In analyzing the findings of this study, the Marcus model was used to determine the importance of objective and subjective indicators. The Marcus model is a decision-making model that, due to multi-step analyses and the combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators, is one of the main features of this model. Also, comparing criteria with options can more accurately analyze the different dimensions of objective and subjective indicators of green space development in the three regions of Dezful city. The statistical techniques of variance-based structural equation modeling and covariance-based structural equivalent modeling were used to determine the relationships of effects. Finally, Kriging zoning was used to analyze objective and subjective indicators in the three regions geographically. Results and discussion The results show that the diversity of types of parks and gardens, with a score of 23 and an average rank of 2.3, the total number of public parks and gardens in the city, with a score of 31 and an average rank of 3.1, and the total area of public parks and gardens with a score of 42 and an average rank of 4.2 are in the first to third ranks. Objective indicators of green space development in Dezful explain 76% of the variance of the livability variable. Therefore, the research hypothesis that the development of objective indicators affects the improvement of Dezful's livability is confirmed. Also, the results of the geographical analysis show that the largest area is in the medium range. Conclusion In short, for the development of urban green space in Dezful, it is suggested that, based on objective indicators, the area of green space should be increased, its spatial distribution should be improved, citizens' access to green spaces should be increased, and the quality of green spaces should be improved. Also, based on subjective indicators, citizens' needs should be identified, and public awareness should be increased; the needs of youth should be paid attention to, and cooperation between scientific institutions and responsible organizations should be strengthened. It is also suggested that the next researcher investigate the issue of "Comprehensive analysis of the impact of urban green spaces on vitality and quality of life in Dezful, a multidimensional approach including economic, social, and ecological dimensions." This research can examine how green spaces affect urban life and analyze the relationships between objective and subjective indicators of livability, quality of life, and social vitality. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. فضای سبز شهری به‌عنوان یکی از عناصر کلیدی در طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، نقش حیاتی در ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی شهروندان و حفظ سلامت محیط‌زیست ایفا می‌کند. این‌رو هدف این مقاله تحلیل جغرافیایی شاخص‌های عینی و ذهنی توسعه فضای سبز شهری دزفول با رویکرد زیست پذیری است. تحقیق حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت، توصیفی با رویکرد پیمایشی است. جهت گردآوری داده و اطلاعات از دو روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسشگری) استفاده‌شده است. برای جمع‌آوری داده و اطلاعات در مطالعات میدانی، از روش کیفی دلفی استفاده‌شده است. در تجزیه تحلیل یافته‌های این تحقیق، از مدل آراس به‌منظور تعیین اهمیت شاخص‌های عینی و ذهنی و از فنون آماری آزمون مدل‌سازی معادله ساختاری واریانس محور و مدل‌سازی معادل ساختاری کوواریانس محور به‌منظور تعیین روابط اثرات استفاده‌شده است. و در پایان به‌منظور تحلیل جغرافیایی در مناطق سه‌گانه از پهنه‌بندی کریجینگ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شاخص نظیر، تنوع انواع پارک‌ها و باغات با امتیاز جمع 23 و میانگین رتبه 2.3 تعداد کل پارک‌ها و باغات عمومی در شهر با جمع امتیاز 31 و میانگین رتبه 3.1 و مساحت کلی پارک‌ها و باغات عمومی با جمع امتیاز 42 و میانگین رتبه 4.2 در رتبه‌های اول تا سوم هستند. شاخص‌های عینی توسعه فضای سبز دزفول 76 درصد از واریانس متغیر زیست پذیری را تبیین می‌کند بنابراین فرضیه پژوهش مبنی بر اینکه توسعه شاخص‌های عینی بر ارتقا زیست پذیری شهر دزفول اثرگذارند، تأیید می‌شود. همچنین نتایج تحلیل جغرافیایی نشان می‌دهد بیشترین پهنه در طیف متوسط است

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100403_c590a1a07d3ec7eb1eb1777a31704fca.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 23 A Historical analysis of housing policies in Iran from the islamic revolution to 2014 تحلیل تاریخی سیاست‌های مسکن ایران از دوران پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی تا سال ۱۴۰۰ 19 40 100662 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.381358.1981 FA افسانه طالبی ورنوسفادرانی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 0000-0002-6723-4130 احمد شاهیوندی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. محمود محمدی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Journal Article 2024 08 06 ABSTRACT Housing is recognized as a basic human right in the constitutions and declarations of many countries, with various policies addressing this need. In Iran, housing policy initiatives began with the Third Development Plan and were reinforced after the Revolution when housing became a constitutional right. However, housing provision remains a challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to examine Iran's housing policies over time and compare them with global strategies. This study uses library-based data collection to examine Iranian housing policies through historical-comparative content analysis. It explores how the goals and content of housing policies have evolved from the Revolution to 2021 and identifies which global housing approaches were adopted in each period. A public-policy content analysis framework was selected, focusing on objectives, tools, and key institutions. Major policy documents from each period were analyzed within this framework to identify the global approach applied in each phase. The findings indicate that Iran’s housing policies throughout the analyzed period largely aligned with global approaches used until the early 1980s, with a focus on social objectives, shifting to economic goals thereafter. Correspondingly, the tools utilized predominantly included special concessions and loans, regulatory delegation, command-based laws, financial support for stakeholders, and direct provision of goods. The pivotal role of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development has led to the dominance of administrative agencies as the main implementing bodies, with citizens emerging as a secondary group of stakeholders, particularly in light of the increasing importance of public participation in policies. Extended Abstract Introduction Housing is a fundamental human right emphasized in declarations and constitutional laws of various countries. Despite numerous policies addressing housing issues, the results indicate that while these policies have alleviated problems for low-income groups, they have never fully resolved the issue of inadequate housing. In Iran, the housing problem dates back to the 1960s when land reform laws were introduced. Consequently, housing policymaking began with the Third Development Plan and continued after the Islamic Revolution with the adoption of the Constitution, which recognized housing as a universal right. However, despite these policies and legislations during the Islamic Revolution era, apart from some improvements for low-income groups in the first decade, the remaining housing programs and policies, despite incurring significant costs, failed to provide low-income groups with adequate housing effectively. Thus, housing remains a persistent issue in Iran, with a substantial gap between supply and demand. Given the importance of learning from the past for future planning, it is crucial to analyze past housing policies to devise appropriate strategies moving forward. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze Iran’s housing policies from the Islamic Revolution to 2021, comparing the objectives and content of these policies including tools and organizations within the framework of all legislative inputs (development programs, laws, and resolutions). Methodology This study is applied research employing a descriptive-analytical approach. Following a qualitative methodology within an interpretive paradigm, the research utilizes a historical-deductive content analysis method. The required data were collected through a documentary approach, using laws, resolutions, development programs, and bylaws issued by official institutions such as the Parliament, the Cabinet, and the Supreme Council of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran within the study period from the Islamic Revolution (1979) to 2021. The detailed categories extracted from the documents of each period were organized into broader categories defined by the theoretical framework of this research. This framework analyzed policies based on their objectives, tools, and implementing actors. Subsequently, the relevant framework for each document was established. Results and discussion The analysis of housing policies over six policymaking periods since the Islamic Revolution reveals that, except for the fifth period (Ahmadinejad’s administration), which introduced a resolution related to empowerment, other periods predominantly focused on social housing, land-services provisions, and loan issuance. From the third period onward (the Reconstruction era and beyond), in addition to conventional financial policies (such as granting loans), incentives like tax exemptions and subsidies were introduced to facilitate housing for low-income groups through rentals or homeownership. Rent control, land banking, and urban renewal policies were limited to the first and second periods. Overall, the housing policies implemented since the Islamic Revolution primarily reflect global policies prevailing before the 1980s, with only one exception, a resolution addressing empowerment, aligning with global trends from the early 1980s. The objectives of housing policies during this era predominantly aligned with social policy goals, followed by economic goals. However, some laws, such as the first to sixth development plans and those concerning abandoned urban and rural lands, also incorporated political objectives, emphasizing institutions and housing management. Findings suggest that informational tools, including public awareness campaigns and research centers, were minimally utilized to achieve policy objectives. While some development programs and regulations highlighted advisory roles, the most commonly used tools were special incentives and loans, followed by command-and-control regulations, financial support for beneficiaries, and direct provision of goods and services. Regarding the organizations involved, administrative agencies were identified as the primary actors due to the significant roles played by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and its affiliated departments in land provision, housing planning, and management. Additionally, the crucial role of banks in providing financial resources and housing loans was emphasized. Given that many policies assigned part of the execution responsibilities to citizens, they emerged as key stakeholders in housing policy implementation alongside administrative agents. Conclusion Despite six periods of housing policymaking since the Islamic Revolution, there has been little change in the content and objectives of these policies. A comparison with global trends indicates that Iran’s policies have largely reflected pre-1980s global approaches, except for a single resolution on empowerment introduced during the fifth period. The objectives of housing policies have predominantly aligned with social and economic goals, occasionally addressing political aims.Based on the analysis and identified shortcomings, the following overarching recommendations can be made for housing policies: Emphasizing the adoption of more recent global housing policies and approaches introduced after the 1980s, with a particular focus on empowering residents. Strengthening the role of citizens in policy implementation, especially considering their ownership in worn-out urban textures. Involving the judiciary as a key institution in policy execution, given the significance and enforcement of command-and-control laws and the need for proper oversight. Incorporating cultural objectives into housing policies, particularly since the fifth period, which emphasized revitalizing deteriorated areas and adhering to Iranian-Islamic urban planning principles. Enhancing the use of informational tools, especially leveraging specialized commissions within policies to identify gaps and address needs effectively. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مسکن به‌عنوان یکی از حقوق اساسی انسان‌ها در بیانیه‌ها و قوانین اساسی کشورهای مختلف مورد تأکید قرارگرفته و سیاست‌های مختلفی در این رابطه مطرح‌شده است. در ایران سیاست‌گذاری مسکن از برنامه سوم عمرانی آغازشده و بعد از انقلاب با تصویب قانون اساسی و مطرح‌شدن مسکن به‌عنوان حق همگانی، ادامه یافته است. بااین‌وجود تأمین مسکن در ایران همچنان به‌عنوان یک مشکل مطرح است. بر همین اساس تحلیل سیاست‌های مسکن ایران از گذشته تاکنون و قیاس آن با استراتژی‌های جهانی تأمین مسکن و یکدیگر، ضروری است. در همین رابطه پژوهش حاضر باهدف تحلیل سیاست‌های مسکن ایران با روش تحلیل محتوای تاریخی-قیاسی تدوین و داده‌ها با روش کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری‌شده و به دنبال پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که محتوا و اهداف سیاست‌های مسکن از زمان انقلاب تا سال ۱۴۰۰ چه تغییراتی داشته و در هر دوره کدام‌یک از رویکردهای جهانی تأمین مسکن مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است؟ در همین رابطه بر مبنای رویکرد قیاسی در تحلیل محتوا، چارچوبی از تحلیل محتوای سیاست-عمومی مبتنی بر اهداف، ابزارها و نهادهای درگیر انتخاب و اسناد فرادست مسکن هر دوره بر اساس مقولات کلان چارچوب انتخابی تحلیل و در نهایت رویکرد جهانی مورداستفاده هر دوره تعیین گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌های مسکن ایران در دوره تحلیل عمدتاً مبتنی بر رویکردهای جهانی مورداستفاده تا اوایل دهه ۱۹۸۰ میلادی با اهداف اجتماعی و پس‌ازآن اقتصادی بوده است. در همین راستا ابزارهای مورداستفاده نیز عمدتاً شامل امتیازات ویژه و وام‌ها، تفویض مقررات، قوانین فرماندهی، حمایت مالی گروه‌های ذینفع و ارائه مستقیم کالا بوده است. در همین رابطه نقش تعیین‌کننده وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی در سیاست‌ها باعث شده که نهادهای درگیر عمدتاً کارگزاران اداری باشند و پس‌ازآن نیز با توجه به اهمیت مشارکت در سیاست‌ها، شهروندان به‌عنوان دومین گروه از نهادهای درگیر مطرح شوند.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100662_f898a6db3d1d08d7168b6a1a1a9f4b64.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 23 Identification of Effective Criteria for Locating Parks and Urban Green Spaces in Iranian Articles by Meta-synthesis Method شناسایی معیارهای مؤثر بر مکان‌یابی پارک‌ها و فضای سبز شهری در مقاله‌های ایرانی با روش فراترکیب 41 61 100663 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.378839.1961 FA حسن ایزدی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران امیرحسین باقری گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران مهر آرا اسماعیلی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 06 ABSTRACT The appropriate location of parks and urban green spaces has always been of great importance in urban planning and achieving sustainable urban development. This research uses the meta-synthesis method to identify and classify the criteria that are effective in the location of parks and urban green spaces in Iranian scientific research articles. The unit of analysis in this research includes Persian-language scientific research articles with domestic case studies, published in databases such as Noormags, Magiran, SID, ISC, the Comprehensive Humanities Portal, and Elmnet between 2008 and 2022. By searching the aforementioned databases, 93 articles were found, which were evaluated for their validity using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), ultimately reducing the number to 65 articles. The Sandelowski and Barroso seven-step method was used to analyze the selected articles. The results show that 81 criteria for the location of parks and urban green spaces have been used by Iranian researchers, which were condensed into 35 main criteria and classified into 6 components as accessibility and proximity to urban land uses, physical, environmental, social, economic, and legal. Among the identified criteria, the most significant ones include proximity to educational centers, accessibility to transportation networks, distance from existing green spaces, proximity to cultural-religious centers, proximity to residential areas, and population density. The findings of this research can serve as a suitable guide for researchers, planners, and managers in the field of locating parks and urban green spaces Extended Abstract Introduction Urban parks and green spaces are among cities' most vital infrastructural elements, playing an indispensable role in enhancing the quality of life, promoting physical and mental health, providing recreational opportunities, and maintaining ecological balance. However, the proper location of urban parks and green spaces remains a significant challenge in urban planning. Inappropriate distribution of these spaces can lead to reduced accessibility, increased social inequalities, and inefficient use of urban resources. Selecting suitable locations for such spaces requires consideration of a comprehensive set of environmental, social, economic, and spatial-physical criteria. In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the location of parks and urban green spaces in Iran. However, these studies are often scattered and focused on specific aspects of the topic, with limited efforts toward presenting an integrated and comprehensive framework. Thus, there is a pressing need for research that employs systematic methods to integrate, synthesize, and analyze existing findings and propose a comprehensive and practical set of criteria. This study adopts the meta-synthesis method to identify and analyze the key criteria influencing the location of urban parks and green spaces in Iran. Its primary goal is to provide a comprehensive framework for planning and locating urban parks to guide planners and decision-makers in making informed and sustainable decisions. Moreover, it aims to pave the way for future studies in this domain. Methodology Given the objectives of the study, a qualitative research approach was employed using the meta-synthesis method, specifically based on Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step model. A systematic search was conducted in domestic scientific databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), NoorMags, Humanities Comprehensive Portal, Magiran, Civilica, and Elmnet. Relevant articles were identified using keywords such as "location," "site selection," "park," "urban park," "urban garden," and "urban green space." After screening the articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) method, 65 articles out of 93 were selected for final analysis. Data from the selected articles were extracted through coding and categorization, and the main criteria for locating were classified into six dimensions. Ultimately, these criteria were synthesized and analyzed within a comprehensive framework to provide a foundation for more effective planning of the location of urban green space. Results and discussion The analysis of the selected articles identified 81 initial criteria influencing the location of urban parks, which were subsequently refined and merged into 35 core concepts through comparison and elimination of overlaps. The findings indicate that the criteria affecting the location of urban parks and green spaces in Iran can be categorized into six dimensions such as social, accessibility, and proximity to urban land uses (adjacency), environmental, physical, economic, and legal. The final results were calculated by calculating the frequency of citations for each criterion across the reviewed articles. Among the identified criteria, proximity to educational centers, accessibility to road networks, distance from existing green spaces, proximity to cultural-religious centers, distance from residential areas, and population density emerged as the most significant. Accessibility and proximity to urban land uses were identified as the most critical dimensions, followed by physical, environmental, social, economic, and legal dimensions. The findings suggest that the location of urban green spaces in Iran requires a multidimensional approach, considering the country's unique social, economic, and environmental conditions. Key criteria identified in the adjacency dimension include proximity to educational centers, existing green spaces, cultural-religious centers, and residential areas. In the social dimension, population density was highlighted as a significant criterion. Environmental criteria such as proximity to water bodies and topography were emphasized, while less attention was given to criteria like distance from pollution sources. In the physical dimension, accessibility to road networks and the availability of vacant land were deemed crucial. Economic considerations were limited to land prices, overlooking other factors like construction and maintenance costs, which could be significant in future studies. In the legal dimension, only land ownership status was considered. Overall, studies on the location of parks and urban green spaces in Iran have gained increasing importance over the past two decades, with approximately 90% of the research conducted in the last decade. This highlights the emerging nature of the concept within the country's urban planning system. However, most studies have primarily focused on physical aspects, while social and economic criteria have received less attention. Additionally, geographical analysis revealed that most research has concentrated on major metropolitan areas, particularly Tehran, leaving other regions underexplored. This indicates an imbalance in the geographical distribution of studies on this topic in Iran. Conclusion Urban parks and green spaces are fundamental urban infrastructures that enhance citizens' quality of life, mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization, and promote social and cultural balance. The proper location of these spaces plays a pivotal role in ensuring efficiency, spatial equity, and accessibility. This study, using the meta-synthesis method, identified and categorized the key criteria for the location of urban parks in Iran into six dimensions: social, accessibility and proximity to urban land uses (adjacency), environmental, physical, economic, and legal. The most important criteria identified across these dimensions include proximity to educational centers, accessibility to road networks, distance from existing green spaces, proximity to cultural-religious centers, residential areas, and population density. The proposed framework can guide urban managers and planners in Iran to utilize comprehensive and evidence-based criteria for locating urban green spaces. This approach not only addresses citizens' needs but also ensures environmental and social sustainability in cities. Furthermore, the findings of this research can pave the way for future studies, particularly those focused on developing operational models for urban green space planning and locating in Iran. To complement this study, exploring the weighting of locating criteria using meta-analysis and combining domestic and international research is recommended. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مکان‌یابی مناسب پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز شهری همواره در برنامه‌ریزی‌های شهری و دستیابی به توسعه پایدار شهری اهمیت زیادی داشته است. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی معیارهای مؤثر در مکان‌یابی پارک‌ها و فضای سبز شهری در مقالات علمی-پژوهشی ایرانی با استفاده از روش فرا ترکیب است. واحد تحلیل در این پژوهش، مقاله‌های علمی – پژوهشی فارسی‌زبان با نمونه مطالعاتی داخلی است که در پایگاه اطلاعاتی نظیر Noormags، Magiran، SID، ISC، پرتال جامع علوم انسانی و علم نت، در دوره زمانی 1401-1387 چاپ‌شده‌اند. با جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی فوق 93 مقاله یافت شد که با استفاده از برنامه مهارت‌های ارزیابی حیاتی (CASP)، میزان روایی این مقالات موردبررسی قرار گرفت و درنهایت به 65 مقاله کاهش یافت. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل مقالات منتخب از الگوی هفت مرحله‌ای سندلوسکی و باروسو استفاده‌شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که 81 معیار جهت مکان‌یابی پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز شهری مورداستفاده محققان ایرانی قرارگرفته است که این معیارها به 35 معیار اصلی تبدیل و در 6 مؤلفه (دسترسی و فاصله از کاربری‌های شهری، کالبدی، زیست‌محیطی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و حقوقی) طبقه‌بندی گردید. در بین معیارهای شناسایی‌شده، مهم‌ترین آن‌ها عبارت‌اند از فاصله از مراکز آموزشی، دسترسی به شبکه ارتباطی، فاصله از فضاهای سبز موجود، فاصله از مراکز فرهنگی- مذهبی، فاصله از مراکز مسکونی و تراکم جمعیت. یافته‌های این تحقیق می‌تواند راهنمای مناسبی برای پژوهشگران و برنامه ریزان و مدیران در زمینه مکان‌یابی پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز شهری باشد

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100663_e3269a4cd80c6b538457989b5677dfbc.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 23 An Analysis of the Social Criteria in the Comprehensive Plans of Historical Cities in Iran تحلیل جایگاه معیارهای اجتماعی در طرح‌های جامع شهرهای تاریخی ایران 63 80 100661 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.381764.1986 FA مجتبی شیرخدائی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران محمد مهدی عزیزی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 06 ABSTRACT This study evaluates the social criteria within urban comprehensive plans for historical cities in Iran, focusing on Tabriz, Yazd, and Shiraz cities. It identifies social indicators for these plans, considering these cities' unique cultural and historical contexts. A content analysis approach was used to evaluate the selected comprehensive plans. Social criteria and indicators were extracted based on a theoretical framework, analyzed the plans, scoring each indicator from 0 (no attention) to 2 (complete attention). Krippendorff's alpha measured the reliability of these evaluations. The findings reveal significant shortcomings in integrating social criteria across the comprehensive plans, with Tabriz performing relatively better. The criterion of quality of life received the most attention, indicating a growing awareness of its importance. However, critical areas such as social cohesion, particularly in Yazd, and equality, especially in Shiraz, were inadequately addressed. The study highlights a general lack of focus on social participation. The study concludes that despite some improvements, urban comprehensive plans in historical cities of Iran still fail to address crucial social criteria appropriately. The gap between planning theories and practices remains evident, particularly in social cohesion and equality. Greater emphasis on these aspects is necessary to ensure effective and sustainable urban development. Extended Abstract Introduction Social criteria have historically played a vital role in shaping the fabric of cities, particularly in historical contexts where cultural heritage must be preserved while meeting modern urban needs. These criteria, which include elements like local cultural values, social cohesion, and public participation, are essential for ensuring the sustainability and livability of cities. However, there is a noticeable gap in how urban comprehensive plans incorporate these social dimensions, especially in historical cities like Tabriz, Yazd, and Shiraz. This study focuses on identifying the key social indicators necessary for evaluating comprehensive urban plans in historical cities and assessing their integration into the urban plans of these three UNESCO-recognized cities. Methodology This study employed content analysis to evaluate the urban comprehensive plans of Tabriz, Yazd, and Shiraz in Iran. A thorough review of theoretical frameworks and literature led to the identification of four primary social criteria, including social cohesion, social participation, quality of life, and equality. These criteria were further divided into 21 general social indicators applicable to all urban plans and 14 specific indicators tailored to the historical context of the cities. The comprehensive plans were analyzed by two urban planning experts who scored each plan on a scale from 0 to 2, with 0 indicating no attention, 1 indicating partial attention, and 2 indicating complete attention to the indicators. Krippendorff's alpha, a measure of coding reliability, was used to ensure reliability in the evaluation process. This methodology provided a robust framework for assessing the integration of social criteria in the urban plans of these historically significant cities. Results and discussion The analysis revealed significant variations in how the cities of Tabriz, Yazd, and Shiraz have integrated social criteria into their urban planning processes. Tabriz, with an average score of 1.157, showed a relatively better incorporation of social aspects compared to Yazd and Shiraz, which scored 0.743 and 0.757, respectively. Quality of life was the most consistently addressed criterion across all three cities, reflecting a growing recognition of its importance. This criterion includes indicators such as access to public services and availability of green spaces, which are crucial for enhancing the livability of urban areas. However, the study also uncovered significant shortcomings, particularly in the areas of social participation and equality. In Yazd, the lack of attention to social cohesion was particularly concerning, given the city's rich historical fabric and the need for maintaining strong community ties. Similarly, the plan for Shiraz showed gaps in addressing equality, especially in terms of gender and intergenerational considerations. These findings indicate that while progress has been made in some areas, much work remains to ensure that comprehensive plans fully address the needs of all residents, particularly in cities with significant historical and cultural heritage. The criterion of social participation, essential for fostering a sense of ownership and engagement among citizens, was largely neglected in the comprehensive plans. This lack of focus can lead to a disconnect between the planning process and the actual needs of the community, resulting in plans that fail to resonate with or meet the expectations of residents. The findings underscore the need for a more inclusive approach to urban planning, particularly in historical cities where community input is crucial for preserving cultural heritage. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has highlighted the significant gaps in the integration of social criteria within the comprehensive urban plans of historical cities in Iran. While there has been some progress in addressing quality of life, other critical areas such as social participation, social cohesion, and equality remain inadequately addressed. The findings suggest that urban planners need to place greater emphasis on these aspects to ensure that comprehensive plans are not only effective in promoting sustainable development but also in preserving the cultural heritage of historical cities. The study's results underscore the importance of adopting a more holistic approach to urban planning, one that fully integrates social criteria into the planning process. This approach should prioritize the needs of all residents, particularly vulnerable groups, and ensure that urban development plans are inclusive, equitable, and reflective of the unique cultural and historical contexts of cities like Tabriz, Yazd, and Shiraz. Moving forward, urban planners and policymakers must address these gaps and work towards creating urban environments that are not only sustainable but also socially inclusive and culturally sensitive. The insights gained from this study can serve as a valuable resource for future research and urban planning initiatives, providing a framework for evaluating and improving the social dimensions of comprehensive urban plans in historical cities. By addressing the identified shortcomings and building on the progress made in areas like quality of life, urban planners can contribute to the creation of more resilient, vibrant, and sustainable cities that honor their historical heritage while meeting the needs of contemporary society. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to sincerely thank Mr. Soroush Saffarzadeh for his valuable assistance with the evaluation and coding sections of this research. معیارهای اجتماعی جایگاه ویژه‌ای در شکل‌گیری و کارایی بافت‌های شهری دارند. از جمله این معیارها، می‌توان ارزش‌های فرهنگی، تعاملات اجتماعی، پویایی، حس تعلق، مشارکت اجتماعی و سرزندگی را نام برد. سؤال اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که چه شاخص‌هایی برای ارزیابی جایگاه معیارهای اجتماعی در طرح‌های جامع شهری باید مدنظر قرار گیرند و وضعیت این شاخص‌ها در طرح‌های جامع منتخب پژوهش چگونه است؟ به‌منظور انتخاب شهرهای نمونه پژوهش و با توجه به میزان آثار میراث جهانی ثبت‌شده، سه شهر تبریز، یزد و شیراز انتخاب شدند. بر اساس مبانی نظری، چهار معیار همبستگی و انسجام اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، کیفیت زندگی و برابری همراه با شاخص‌های مرتبط با آن‌ها شناسایی و تحلیل گردیدند. با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، از شاخص آلفای کریپندورف استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که میانگین امتیاز کلیة شاخص‌ها ۰.۸۸۶ از ۲ بوده که نشان از توجه بسیار پایین به معیارهای اجتماعی دارد. میانگین ضریب پایایی آلفای کریپندورف ۰.۸۷۶ و میانگین نمرة طرح جامع شهر تبریز ۱.۱۵۷، یزد ۰.۷۴۳ و شیراز ۰.۷۵۷ است. معیار کیفیت زندگی وضعیت مطلوب‌تری نسبت به دیگر معیارها داشته و معیار مشارکت اجتماعی با کسب کم‌ترین امتیاز در نامطلوب‌ترین وضعیت بوده است. وضعیت معیار برابری مطلوب نبوده است.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100661_c0345b43378180b05370a5ed716423f5.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 24 Evaluating the Key Components of Spatial Justice with the Concept of Foucault's Disciplinary Power: A case study of Rasht city ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های کلیدی عدالت فضایی با تأکید بر مفهوم قدرت انضباطی فوکو مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت 81 99 100704 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.377805.1952 FA منا ابراهیم پرور گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران حمید ماجدی گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران زهرا سادات سعید زرآبادی گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 07 ABSTRACT According to social inequalities and the lack of power within a group, pursuing justice has become a primary objective of planning. Therefore, understanding the social, economic, and political processes that contribute to creating fair or unfair space is crucial in the new approaches to spatial justice. The primary aim of this study is to assess the key elements of physical-spatial justice in Rasht, emphasizing disciplinary power. This research falls under the category of applied-developmental research. The data was collected through library research and fieldwork, and the statistical population consists of citizens and experts from Rasht city. The sample size was determined using random sampling from the statistical population of citizens, and employing Cochran's formula. The research model was evaluated using structural equation modeling techniques to examine spatial justice in Rasht. Additionally, a one-sample T-test was conducted to compare the current situation with the desired one-sample T-test. To evaluate the impact of physical-spatial justice criteria on the desired future of Rasht City, the relationships between variables were analyzed using structural analysis and a matrix of coefficients for cross-effect analysis, and MicMac software was utilized. Based on the research's conceptual framework, the indicators obtained include spatial knowledge, guidance and control, and participation. The research results indicate that neglecting the role of power in establishing the foundations of a just city raises doubts about the feasibility of physical-spatial justice approaches. Extended Abstract Introduction Since the discussion of justice is rooted in human nature, no school has been formed without emphasizing justice, and the idea of seeking justice has evolved in various ways alongside human development, and every thinker has stepped into this field according to their knowledge and experience. Today, it is crucial for society to uncover the underlying structure, processes, and layers that contribute to injustice and inequality in urban environments. Urban planning plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of cities and includes social, economic, and environmental components. Decisions made in urban planning can overshadow the results by allocating resources, directing infrastructure development, etc. According to Foucault, power can be seen as inclusive in constructing possible and desirable futures in urban planning, particularly in framing what is considered real, achievable, and desirable. Despite recognizing the all-encompassing nature of power, in line with its action-oriented approach, the knowledge and capacity of human agents to intervene in the socio-economic and political-legal order should not be underestimated. Therefore, explaining the concept of spatial justice within urban areas and applying it in order to realize it can significantly enhance urban planning in Iranian cities. This research aims to evaluate the key components of spatial justice in the envisioned future of Rasht city by exploring the theoretical roots and foundations regarding physical-spatial justice, putting together the perspectives of various thinkers, and comparing them in line with the theory of knowledge-power. Focusing on disciplinary power as articulated in Foucault's thoughts, this research delves into how the concept of a justice-oriented city, particularly emphasizing the theory of knowledge-power (disciplinary power), translates into specific physical-spatial criteria within urban planning. It aims to understand the effect of these criteria on shaping the desired future of Rasht city. Furthermore, the research will explore methods for evaluating the effectiveness of these criteria in achieving a truly justice-oriented city. Methodology This research is of an applied-developmental nature, and Based on the objectives of the research, characteristics, frameworks, and analysis process, the general strategy of this research is mixed and falls into the category of qualitative-quantitative research. Based on this, in the qualitative part of the research, a meta-combination method is used to present the conceptual model, and the content analysis method and selective coding of texts and sources are used. The components identified in this research are based on the theoretical framework of spatial knowledge, guidance and control, and participation. In the quantitative part, the data will be converted into quantitative and numerical form according to the topic, and the quantitative data will be collected through a questionnaire utilizing a Likert scale. Therefore, in order to evaluate the status of spatial justice in Rasht city, statistical results are presented in two categories: descriptive findings and inferential findings. The main variables were explained and interpreted in the descriptive category using frequency statistics, mean, standard deviation, and frequency percentage. The inferential topic analyzes the research model using the structural equation modeling techniques. The ranking of factors is conducted using Friedman's ranking test, while the comparison of the existing and desired situation was done with a one-sample T-test. Data analysis was done with Smart PLS version 3 and SPSS version 27 software. The maximum error level of Crombach's alpha in hypothesis testing is set at 0.05 (p<0.05). In order to evaluate the impact of justice-oriented city criteria on the desired future of Rasht city, the relationships between variables were analyzed using structural analysis, a matrix of coefficients of cross-effect analysis, and Mic Mac software. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Rasht, as well as experts in urban issues and decision-makers in the field of planning and urban development. The spatial cluster random sampling method was used to measure the statistical population of citizens. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size for this section, and the sample size was 384 individuals. For the statistical population of experts, 45 individuals were selected as the study sample using a purposive sampling method combined with the snowball technique. Results and discussion In the field of spatial justice within the global theoretical framework, few studies have thoroughly examined the concept of spatial justice in urban environments and its various dimensions. At the same time, the spatial concepts of justice garnered attention from numerous active organizations and urban social movements worldwide. In the definition of justice, each person refers to their mental images, and the mental images of people reflect their worldview, culture, geographical, political, and economic circumstances. However, applying justice tools predominantly resides within the purview of those in power. The study of the works of these thinkers reveals that spatial justice is not only a physical concept; it encompasses various social, political, and economic. Dimensions and has a process concept. Meanwhile, urban planners, or in other words, urban planning, can play a mediating role in clarifying institutional power relations and facilitating action-oriented knowledge to empower citizens and promote the public interest. Conclusion In this research, the analysis of the findings and statistical tests revealed a significant difference between the optimal situation, as determined through questionnaires and interviews with experts, and the current situation in Rasht city. The objective statistics, measures, and citizens' opinions all indicate that the existing situation falls far below the optimal level in terms of spatial and physical justice. These results highlight the fact that Rasht is lacking in ideal spatial and physical justice. Also, the evaluation of the key criteria for physical-spatial justice affecting the desirable future of Rasht showed that indicators such as institution building, disciplinary discourse, communication links, a mix of uses, and citizen supervision are crucial for fostering a just city of Rasht in the future. Most of these indicators are included in the participation component. Consequently, the primary obstacle to achieving spatial justice in Rasht stems from citizens' lack of awareness of their rights and limited involvement in urban development processes. Additionally, the unequal distribution of power among certain groups and the absence of public representatives in city development further hinder progress. These factors collectively impede the realization of spatial justice and the establishment of a justice-oriented city in Rasht. Therefore, initiatives aimed at enhancing institutional development, fostering disciplinary discourse, improving communication networks, promoting mixed land use, and increasing citizen oversight, essentially boosting citizen participation in decision-making, can significantly contribute to the creation of a fair city in the future. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. امروزه با توجه به نابرابری‌های اجتماعی و فقدان قدرت در گروهی از مردم، جستجو برای عدالت به یکی از اهداف برنامه‌ریزی تبدیل‌شده است. بنابراین شناخت فرایندهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی منجر به تولید فضا از جنبه عادلانه یا ناعادلانه بودن آن، اهمیت بیشتری در رویکردهای جدید عدالت فضایی دارد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های کلیدی عدالت فضایی – کالبدی در شهر رشت با تأکید بر قدرت انضباطی است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی- توسعه‌ای است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه‌های و میدانی و جامعه آماری شامل شهروندان و متخصصان شهر رشت می‌باشد که نمونه‌گیری از جامعه آماری شهروندان به‌صورت تصادفی و برای تعیین حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده‌شده است. جهت بررسی جایگاه عدالت فضایی در شهر رشت، مدل پژوهش با استفاده از تکنیک مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری موردسنجش قرار گرفت و مقایسه وضعیت موجود و مطلوب با آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای صورت گرفت. برای ارزیابی تأثیر معیارهای عدالت فضایی -کالبدی بر آینده مطلوب شهر رشت با استفاده از تحلیل ساختاری و ماتریس ضرایب تحلیل اثر متقاطع و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار میک مک به تحلیل روابط بین متغیرها پرداخته‌شده است. بر اساس چهارچوب مفهومی پژوهش، شاخص‌های به‌دست‌آمده شامل دانش فضایی، هدایت و کنترل و مشارکت می‌باشد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نادیده انگاشتن نقش قدرت در تدوین مبانی شهر عادلانه، عاملی است که تحقق‌پذیری رویکردهای عدالت فضایی-کالبدی را با تردید روبه‌رو می‌سازد.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100704_738caa599e93588a4483a49ee038f641.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 24 Assessing the Influence of Individual Characteristics on Citizens' Willingness to Walk in Pedestrian-Friendly Environments: A case study of Margin of the Niasarm Madi (Creek), Isfahan City تحلیل تأثیر ویژگی‌های فردی بر تمایل شهروندان به پیاده‌روی در محیط پیاده‌مدار مطالعه موردی: حاشیه مادی نیاصرم 101 118 100837 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.378725.1959 FA سهیلا رضائی آدریانی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران مسعود تقوایی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 07 ABSTRACT The focus of urban planners is the expansion of walkability as a sustainable transportation mode. In this regard, assessing the factors and barriers affecting walkability and citizens' physical activity levels is significant. The current study aims to analyze the factors influencing the inactivity of citizens, focusing on individual characteristics such as gender, marital status, body mass index, education, occupation, smoking, and vehicle ownership. This research is applied and uses a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population consists of residents living in the margin area of Niasarm Madi (Creek). Among them, based on Cochran's formula, 390 people were questioned as a sample. The Madi axis, as a sidewalk, provides a pedestrian support space that is accessible to the examined sample and provides the possibility to focus on other factors affecting the immobility of citizens. The results of the questionnaires were analyzed using the t-test and mean analysis, and the relationship between the research parameters was investigated. Based on the results, walking in women and single people is more than in men and married people, and walking decreases with increasing age; an inverse relationship between the amount of walking and body mass index was confirmed, which means that walking is less in overweight and obese individuals compared to those who are slim and in normal weight. A significant correlation was observed between individuals' occupations and their walking levels, and vehicle ownership and smoking have a negative effect on people's mobility. The results of the study can be used as a primary basis for other experimental research. To better achieve the goal of increasing the level of physical activity of citizens, it is suggested to pay attention to the impact of individual characteristics and carry out coherent and integrated planning with a comprehensive perspective, along with the development of pedestrian spaces in the city. Extended Abstract Introduction With the development of urbanization and the increasing reliance on private cars, there is a significant reduction in the level of physical activity of people during the day, which is the basis for weight gain, a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and a rise in mortality rates. Therefore, the theories and policies of urban development have focused on providing the necessary infrastructure and creating diverse spaces to increase the mobility and dynamism of citizens. Various factors influence the level of physical activity of individuals and their tendency to walk. Alongside the importance of having the necessary infrastructure to encourage citizens to walk and the focus of the studies on their spatial quality, the role of personal characteristics in the level of physical activity of people has not been investigated, which raises a research gap in the comprehensive study of the walking subject. Thus, in this study, we aim to identify the influence of factors such as gender, marital status, weight, education, occupation, smoking habits, and vehicle ownership on walking. Methodology This research is practical in terms of purpose and was done with a quantitative approach. The techniques used include using field methods, completing questionnaires, observing, and performing statistical analysis. The chosen area for conducting field studies is the margin of Niasarm Madi in Isfahan city. The term 'Madi' in the culture of the people of Isfahan refers to the creeks branching off the Zayandeh-Rood River". The research community consists of residents living in the margin area of Niasarm, among whom a sample of 386 individuals is selected based on Cochran's formula. To assure greater confidence, 390 questionnaires are distributed among the sample members. The questionnaire results were analyzed using the t-test, confirming the relationship between the research parameters. Results and discussion Based on the analyses, the amount of physical activity in women and single people is more than that of men and married people. Therefore, gender and marital status are effective factors in the amount of walking. Additionally, age is another effective parameter, with a clear relationship indicating a decrease in walking with increasing age. High body mass index is another influential factor affecting individuals' physical activity levels, showing a decreasing trend, such that walking in overweight individuals is less than that of those with normal weight or underweight. Occupation and type of activity significantly impact individuals' activity levels, with self-employed individuals having the lowest level of activity, followed by government employees, retirees, housewives, and students. Smoking habits and vehicle ownership are other barriers to regular physical activities that were examined. In the conducted study, no significant relationship was observed between the level of education and the level of activity, which indicates the universality of walking for everyone. Conclusion According to the results, factors such as gender, age, marital status, body mass index, smoking, occupation, and vehicle ownership have a direct impact on walking. Considering the identified factors and their relationship with the level of walking, using these factors in order to comprehensive planning and deal with the limitations will help improve the success of pedestrian-friendly spaces and increase citizens' activity levels. Therefore, alongside the development of pedestrian-friendly spaces in the city, attention to the influence of these factors on individuals' mobility enables coherent and integrated planning towards better achieving the goal of increasing citizens' physical activity during the day. It also guides specific programs to promote walking. These results can be used as a basic basis in other experimental research. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. گسترش پیاده مداری به‌عنوان یک شیوه پایدار حمل‌ونقل مورد توجه برنامه‌ریزان شهری قرار دارد. در این راستا بررسی عوامل و موانع مؤثر بر پیاده مداری و سطح فعالیت بدنی شهروندان حائز اهمیت است. هدف مطالعه حاضر تحلیل عوامل مؤثر در بی‌تحرکی شهروندان با تمرکز بر ویژگی‌های فردی نظیر جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، شاخص توده بدنی، تحصیلات، شغل، مصرف دخانیات و مالکیت وسایل نقلیه است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی بوده و از روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بهره می‌برد. جامعه آماری موردبررسی شامل شهروندان ساکن در حاشیه مادی نیاصرم است که از بین آن‌ها بر اساس فرمول کوکران 390 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفتند. محور مادی به‌عنوان یک پیاده راه تأمین‌کننده فضای پشتیبان پیاده مداری است که در دسترس نمونه موردبررسی قرار دارد و امکان تمرکز بر سایر عوامل مؤثر در بی‌تحرکی شهروندان را فراهم می‌نماید. با استفاده از آزمون تی و تحلیل میانگین نتایج پرسش‌نامه‌ها مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت و وجود رابطه بین پارامترهای پژوهش بررسی شد. بر اساس نتایج، پیاده‌روی در زنان و افراد مجرد بیشتر از مردان و افراد متأهل است و با افزایش سن میزان پیاده‌روی کاهش می‌یابد، ارتباط معکوس بین میزان پیاده‌روی و شاخص توده بدنی تأیید شد، به این معنی که میزان پیاده‌روی در افراد چاق و دارای اضافه‌وزن کمتر از افراد لاغر و نرمال است. بین شغل افراد و میزان پیاده‌روی ارتباط معنادار مشاهده شد، همچنین مالکیت وسایل نقلیه و مصرف دخانیات تأثیر منفی بر میزان تحرک افراد دارند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر به‌عنوان مبنای اولیه در سایر تحقیقات تجربی قابل‌استفاده است. به‌منظور دستیابی بهتر به هدف افزایش سطح فعالیت بدنی شهروندان، در کنار توسعه فضاهای پیاده‌مدار در سطح شهر توجه به تأثیر ویژگی‌های فردی و انجام برنامه‌ریزی منسجم و یکپارچه با دیدگاهی جامع پیشنهاد می‌گردد. همچنین تدوین برنامه‌های موضوعی نظیر طرح‌های ارتقای تحرک گروه‌های جنسی، شغلی و سنی خاص مؤثر خواهند بود.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_100837_1c5b9743b5ea34571accf9062d5c132c.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 25 Agile City: Concept, Principles, Characteristics, and Implementation Challenges شهر چابک: مفهوم، اصول، ویژگی‌ها و چالش‌های پیاده‌سازی 119 133 101023 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.382952.1996 FA احمد زنگانه گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران حمیدرضا تلخابی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران مهدی عباس زاده گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران محمد مهدی مه آبادی پور گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 08 ABSTRACT The concept of the Agile City has emerged in recent decades in response to the emerging challenges of urbanization, aiming to improve quality of life, provide innovative and flexible solutions aligned with human needs, and ultimately increase the efficiency of civic services. The objective of this research is to introduce the concept, principles, characteristics, and implementation challenges of this approach in today's cities. This study is theoretical in terms of its purpose and employs a descriptive-analytical method based on a systematic review of theoretical literature in the field of urban planning. Resources were collected through library research and by searching relevant books and articles from reputable and recognized scientific databases. The research findings indicate that this concept, proposed in line with achieving sustainable urban development, emphasizes components such as urban air quality, use of renewable energies, water resource management, green spaces and biodiversity, sense of social belonging, and attracting sustainable investment. Additionally, factors such as improving coordination between institutions, utilizing new technologies, developing supportive policies, active citizen participation, and developing digital infrastructure can significantly contribute to enhancing the performance and sustainability of the agile city. Moreover, financial and technical challenges have been identified as the main obstacles in implementing the agile city, requiring targeted investment and international cooperation. This research can serve as a basis for improving urban design and management methods in Iran and provide strategies for creating sustainable and agile cities Extended Abstract Introduction Rapid urbanization has created numerous challenges, such as traffic congestion, pollution, and resource scarcity. The Agile City, inspired by agile principles in software development, offers a novel approach to urban management. This approach emphasizes citizen participation, digital technologies, and data-driven management and can help improve public services, reduce costs, and increase urban resilience. Technological advancements like the Internet of Things and Big Data have created opportunities for optimizing urban performance. Additionally, agile cities align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and can effectively address environmental crises and climate change. Global experiences such as "Smart Dubai" have shown that digitalization can improve the quality of life and increase public value. In Iran, urban problems emphasize the need for an agile city approach. Methodology The research is descriptive-analytical in nature. The primary objective is to analyze the concept of an Agile City, as well as its fundamental principles, characteristics, and implementation challenges. The required sources and data were collected through a review of reputable scientific resources, including articles, books, and reports related to Agile Cities from relevant databases. The keywords used for the search included: "Agile City," "Principles of Agile City," "Characteristics of Agile City," "Implementation Challenges of Agile City," and "Smart and Agile City." The collected sources were analyzed using a qualitative approach. At this stage, the concepts, principles, and characteristics of Agile Cities were extracted and categorized, while the implementation challenges were also examined and analyzed. Content analysis and thematic analysis methods were employed for data analysis. Results and discussion The proposed indicators for analyzing an Agile City include environmental, social, economic, managerial, and technical dimensions. In the environmental dimension, urban air quality, use of renewable energies, water resource management, and green space development are examined. The social dimension includes a sense of social belonging, public education about sustainability, citizen participation in decision-making, and promotion of sustainable culture. In the economic dimension, attracting sustainable investment, creating job opportunities, using local resources, and investing in sustainable infrastructure are considered. The managerial dimension includes coordination between institutions, the use of new technologies, the development of supportive policies, and the establishment of regulatory bodies. In the technical dimension, green technologies, environmentally friendly building design, use of recycled materials, and implementation of new systems for optimizing resource consumption are examined. Conclusion The concept of an Agile City has gained attention as an innovative approach in global discussions, and its implementation by urban scholars, planners, designers, and other stakeholders in urban management is increasingly recognized as essential. Introducing, expanding, and applying the concept of an Agile City can lead to a fundamental transformation in urban development approaches and programs. This approach, emphasizing urban resilience enhancement, reducing dependency on automobiles, and leveraging modern technologies, will help address contemporary urban challenges and improve the quality of urban living. The adoption of Agile City features can specifically contribute to achieving key objectives such as increasing sustainability and enhancing social interactions in cities. Implementing Agile City principles allows for the design and planning of urban environments that not only respond to current needs but also anticipate and address future challenges. As an innovative approach, an Agile City offers a compelling framework for tackling the complex and dynamic challenges of the 21st century through a combination of dynamic flexibility, advanced technology, collective participation, and green sustainability. These cities can swiftly respond to citizen needs and environmental changes by utilizing smart, data-driven systems. Additionally, with a strong emphasis on active citizen participation and sustainable resource management, the Agile City seeks to create an environment that not only enhances quality of life but also balances urban development with environmental preservation. Findings indicate that implementing an Agile City faces multiple challenges. Technical challenges, such as the lack of advanced infrastructure and high technology costs; management challenges, including institutional misalignment and resistance to change; social disparities, such as inequalities in service access and low citizen participation; and financial limitations, including insufficient funding, are among the key obstacles to realizing Agile Cities. Overcoming these challenges requires international cooperation, targeted investment, and the formulation of supportive policies. These measures remove existing barriers and pave the way for successfully implementing Agile City principles. An Agile City is not just a theoretical concept but a necessity for the sustainable and resilient future of urban areas. By adopting Agile City principles, cities can adapt to change, improve urban quality of life, and preserve the environment. This research analyzes these principles, characteristics, and challenges to enhance understanding and propose solutions for their effective implementation in future cities. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. شهر چابک طی دهه‌های اخیر در پاسخ به چالش‌های نوظهور ناشی از شهرنشینی و با هدف ارتقای کیفیت زیست، ارائه راه‌حل‌های بدیع، منعطف و در راستای رفع نیازهای انسانی و در نهایت افزایش کارایی خدمات شهروندی مطرح شد. هدف پژوهش معرفی مفهوم، اصول، ویژگی‌ها و چالش‌های پیاده‌سازی این رویکرد در شهرهای امروز است. این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف از نوع نظری و با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی، مبتنی بر مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات نظری در حوزه شهرسازی انجام‌شده است. منابع با روش کتابخانه‌ای و از طریق جستجوی کتب و مقالات مربوط به این مفهوم از پایگاه‌های علمی معتبر و شناخته‌شده گردآوری‌شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد، این مفهوم، در راستای تحقق توسعه پایدار شهری مطرح‌شده و بر مؤلفه‌هایی نظیر کیفیت هوای شهری، استفاده از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مدیریت منابع آب، فضای سبز و تنوع زیستی، حس تعلق اجتماعی و جذب سرمایه‌گذاری پایدار تأکید دارد. همچنین عواملی نظیر؛ بهبود هماهنگی بین نهادها، استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین، تدوین سیاست‌های حمایتی و مشارکت فعال شهروندان و توسعه زیرساخت‌های دیجیتال به‌طور قابل‌توجهی می‌تواند به ارتقای عملکرد و پایداری شهر چابک کمک کند. افزون بر این، چالش‌های مالی و فنی به‌عنوان موانع اصلی در پیاده‌سازی شهر چابک شناسایی‌شده‌اند که نیازمند سرمایه‌گذاری هدفمند و همکاری بین‌المللی هستند. این پژوهش می‌تواند به‌عنوان مبنایی جهت بهبود روش‌های طراحی و مدیریت شهری در ایران مورداستفاده قرار گیرد و راهکارهایی برای ایجاد شهرهای پایدار و چابک ارائه دهد.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_101023_84f0ac65b36e2e26381ed3ab9a6be214.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 12 4 2024 12 25 Exploring Urban Biophilic Research: A In-Depth Analysis into the Structure and Content from Global and Local Perspectives تحلیل ساختار و محتوای پژوهش‌های بیوفیلیک شهری از نگاه پژوهش‌های داخلی و بین‌المللی 135 155 101501 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.382769.1994 FA پریناز بادامچی زاده گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران محمدرضا پورمحمدی گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران علی اسکوئی ارس گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 08 ABSTRACT Biophilic urban planning is an emerging approach that integrates nature into cities by fostering a strong connection between urban environments and their inhabitants. This approach addresses pressing challenges such as air pollution, declining social engagement with nature, urban-nature incompatibility, and the inefficient use of natural resources. This study aims to systematically categorize and analyze research articles on biophilic urban planning, both domestic and international, to understand their approaches, methodologies, and thematic focus. The research examines key aspects, including methodological frameworks, indicators, data collection techniques, analysis methods, and reported outcomes. By identifying research trends and gaps, this study provides insights into the evolution of biophilic urban planning literature. The findings reveal a notable distinction between international and domestic research. While international studies predominantly emphasize environmental and social dimensions, domestic research tends to focus on physical aspects, including urban form and design. Furthermore, the study indicates that more than 64% of both domestic and international research in this field is applied in nature, highlighting its practical significance. Despite the growing body of literature, a critical gap remains in the development of a comprehensive model for analyzing and evaluating biophilic urban planning. Most existing studies address specific aspects of the topic, yet there is a lack of integrative frameworks that holistically assess its effectiveness. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches and standardized evaluation models to advance the field and enhance the implementation of biophilic principles in urban planning. Extended Abstract Introduction Iranian cities currently face significant deficiencies in green spaces. A comparison of urban planning standards reveals that many cities lack adequate per capita green areas, leading to unequal distribution and limited access for residents. The United Nations recommends a balanced per capita green space of 20 to 25 square meters globally. In Iran, acceptable green space ranges from 7 to 12 square meters, depending on geographical factors and water availability, with the national average at 11.8 square meters, well below the global standard of 25 square meters. Modern life has increasingly restricted access to nature, yet the desire to connect with it remains strong. This disconnection is concerning, as studies indicate that humans have an innate need for nature, known as biophilia, which is crucial for cognitive function and overall well-being. Methodology According to the main objective of the research based on the creation of a conceptual model of biophilic urban planning, the present research examines Persian and English articles from 2013-2024 that have been rated and accredited by the Ministry of Science and JCR. The research approach is hybrid. The condition of having the subject with the keyword related to the biophilic city and compatible with nature (nature-bio-oriented) has been determined as the criterion and condition for the input of the primary data of the research. After reviewing sources and information, 14 English JCR articles and 26 authentic Persian scientific research articles related to biophilic urban planning were reviewed and analyzed, and after summarizing the contents, the results were explained. Results and discussion The findings of this research showed that the articles published in this field have increased, and especially since 2020, they have grown faster. The two journals’ Buildings and Sustainability, are among the most important foreign journals, and Sustainable City and Human Geography Research, are among the most important domestic journals. Examining the factors used in domestic studies shows that most research has investigated biophilic institutions and organizations, infrastructure and conditions, biophilic attitudes and awareness, biophilic activity, and in the next rank of researchers, the components of direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, experience of space and place, spiritual, physical, psychological have been used more in their studies. Reviewing the selected articles in accordance with the reviewed criteria and the input filters of the articles showed that the general dimensions of biophilic are direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, and experience of space and place. Other results of the research show that the content of all scientific-research articles examined in this research is generally in the category of applied research in terms of nature. A reliability test was performed in about 60% of internal studies, but in foreign studies, the reliability test was omitted due to the method used. By studying and analyzing the distribution of the research conducted in the provinces of the country, it can be said that the articles that have been carried out on a case-by-case basis have the most frequency in Tehran province. Conclusion The findings of the research show that in foreign research in the field of biophilic urban planning, more emphasis is placed on environmental and social aspects; this is despite the fact that in domestic research, the focus is mostly on the physical dimension, city texture, and urban design in biophilic urban planning. Also, other findings of the current research indicate that, on average, more than 64% of the content of domestic and foreign research is practical in terms of nature in the field of biophilic urban planning, and conducting fundamental research in this field seems more necessary than ever. The results of the research indicate that all the articles have examined specific aspects of biophilic urban planning and a comprehensive model for the analysis and evaluation of biophilic urban planning has not been presented. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. رویکرد نوظهور برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک با در نظر گرفتن همبستگی شهر و شهروندان با طبیعت به‌عنوان اصل اساسی و بسیار مهم در برنامه‌ریزی، در جهت رفع معضلاتی همچون آلودگی هوا، کاهش پویایی اجتماعی در ارتباط با طبیعت، عدم همخوانی طبیعت با کالبد شهر، هدر رفت منابع طبیعی و ... ارائه گردیده است. در این پژوهش سعی شده است با شناسایی و دسته‌بندی مقالات پژوهشی نوشته‌شده در حوزه برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک اعم از داخلی و بین‌المللی به فهم رویکردها و ماهیت مقالات، بررسی ساختار شامل روش‌شناسی، شاخص‌ها، روش جمع‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها و نتایج به‌دست‌آمده پرداخته شود تا جنبه‌های مثبت و خلأهای پژوهشی مورد واکاوی قرار گیرد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهنده آن است که در پژوهش‌های بین‌المللی در حوزه برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک بیشتر تأکید بر ابعاد زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی است؛ این در حالی است که در پژوهش‌های داخلی بیشتر تمرکز بر بعد کالبدی، بافت شهر و طراحی شهری در برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک می‌باشد. همچنین یافته‌های دیگر پژوهش حاضر نشانگر آن است که به‌طور میانگین بیش از 64% از محتوای پژوهش‌های داخلی و خارجی انجام‌شده به لحاظ ماهیت در حوزه برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلک، کاربردی هستند. نتیجه پژوهش‌ها حاکی از آن است که همه مقالات به بررسی ابعاد مشخصی از حوزه برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک پرداخته‌اند و خلأ ارائه مدلی جامع برای تحلیل و ارزیابی برنامه‌ریزی شهری بیوفیلیک کاملاً مشهود است.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_101501_a3f83e6e87f0720f416192337acf084e.pdf