موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 Analyzing the physical characteristics affecting the mental health of residents in low-income housing: the case study of Andisheh Town, Tabriz واکاوی ویژگی‌های کالبدی مؤثر بر سلامت روانی ساکنین در مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد مطالعه موردی شهرک اندیشه تبریز 1 18 98682 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.377396.1948 FA حامد بیتی گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران کوثر دانش گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 26 ABSTRACT The low-income sections of the society have usually been neglected in terms of having desirable residential facilities. Meanwhile, environmental factors such as housing are among the most important factors affecting the mental health of residents. The current research aims to improve mental health in low-income housing. However, questions are raised about the role of housing in residents' health and how this approach can be used in the study of low-income housing. The present combined research, which is descriptive-analytical, has used the post-exploration method based on the extractive model in the target area of this study to answer this question. It collected information from the library-documentary method as well as the field method in the form of a questionnaire and conducted interviews with the residents of Andisheh town of Tabriz city. The research results indicate that improving the mental health of residents in low-income housing depends on the total physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural dimensions. These dimensions, as key factors, play a fundamental role in the planning and design of low-income housing; therefore, through the involvement of extractive dimensions in the planning and design of low-income housing, we will witness a positive and effective trend in the mental health of residents, especially in the housing of vulnerable groups. Extended Abstract Introduction The low-income sections of the society are usually neglected in terms of having desirable residential facilities. This is despite the fact that the impact of environmental factors such as housing is one of the most important factors affecting the mental health of residents. Due to the vast expansion of Tabriz city, the need of low-income groups for housing has become more noticeable, and in the meantime, in the houses available for the low-income group, not much attention has been paid to the mental health aspects of the residents. Therefore, according to the necessity and importance of the mental health of low-income housing residents, this research aims to find the components and physical indicators of housing that affect the mental health of low-income housing residents. Thus, the current research seeks to answer the following question: - What are the components of low-income housing design that improve the mental health of residents? Methodology The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is applied-theoretical for urban management. In order to collect information, the library-documentary method and the field method in the form of questionnaires and interviews with the residents of Andisheh town of Tabriz city were used. The purpose of the research is to determine the variables affecting the physical component of the housing on the mental health of low-income housing residents, and in order to achieve the purpose of the study, the research method is the post-exploration method based on the extractive model that has been carried out within the scope of the study. In this way, first, the dimensions, components, and physical measures of the housing were extracted along with the dimensions of mental health, and then, in the scope of the study, it was tested by preparing a questionnaire from the extracted model through the residents of the low-income housing, so that finally the main proposal was presented. The statistical population of this research was composed of people who lived in Andisheh town. This town has a population of over 50,000 people, and among these people, 381 people were selected using Cochran's formula (p=0.5, p=0.5) and based on a preliminary study and through random sampling. The statistical analysis of the collected research data includes two inferential and descriptive fields. Inferential statistics is obtained through estimates for some statistical indicators, such as the average of the studied items, which is based on the theories in statistics, as a suitable estimate of this parameter in society. In the field of descriptive statistics, frequency tables and images of the studied community are described through graphs and central and dispersion indicators in statistics. Based on the objectives of the research in order to analyze the convergent validity of the structures, the reliability analysis of the structures and the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability coefficient (CR), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were calculated for all research components and the factor loadings of the questions in each of the components were analyzed in terms of size and significance, and the HTMT index was used to examine the validity and variance related to the research constructs. In addition, the normality of the probability distribution of the research variables has been evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test. A one-sided t-test was used to check the desirability of variables with normal distribution. IBM statistical software, SPSS Statistics version 26, Smart PLS version 3, and Minitab version 17 have been used in this research. Results and discussion According to the research question regarding the examination of the design components of low-income housing to improve the mental health of the residents, it can be said that the six components of the research are effective in improving the mental health of the residents. Therefore, all the physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural components have been considered as components of low-income housing design to improve the residents' mental health. The physical component, valued at 0.833, is more significant than the others. Among the remaining components, the economic component, with a value of 0.776, has a more influential share than other components. Conclusion The research results indicate that improving the mental health of residents in low-income housing depends on the total of the mentioned dimensions, including physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural. These dimensions, as key factors, play a fundamental role in the planning and design of low-income housing; therefore, through the involvement of extractive dimensions in the planning and design of low-income housing, we will witness a positive and effective trend in the mental health of residents, especially in the housing of vulnerable groups. Thus, it is hoped that the relevant stakeholders will prioritize the effective dimensions and the expansion of these components in their programs to take a step toward improving the mental health of the vulnerable group. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. اقشار کم‌درآمد جامعه به‌طورمعمول در زمینه برخورداری از امکانات مطلوب مسکونی مورد غفلت قرارگرفته‌اند. این در حالی است که تأثیر عوامل محیطی نظیر مسکن، ازجمله مهم‌ترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر سلامت روانی ساکنان می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، دستیابی به مؤلفه‌های ارتقای سلامت روانی در مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد می‌باشد. حال این پرسش مطرح می‌گردد که نقش مسکن در سلامت ساکنان چیست و چگونه می‌توان از این رویکرد در مطالعه مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد استفاده نمود. برای پاسخگویی به این پرسش در پژوهش ترکیبی حاضر که از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است، به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای–اسنادی و همچنین روش میدانی به‌صورت پرسش‌نامه و انجام مصاحبه از ساکنان شهرک اندیشه شهر تبریز از طریق روش پس کاوی بر اساس مدل استخراجی در محدوده هدف مطالعه استفاده‌شده است. بدین ترتیب که نخست ابعاد، مؤلفه و سنجه‌های کالبدی مسکن در کنار ابعاد سلامت روانی استخراج‌شده، سپس در محدوده موردمطالعه، مورد آزمون قرارگرفته‌شده است تا نهایتاً پیشنهاد اصلی ارائه گردد. نتیجه پژوهش حاکی از آن است که ارتقا سلامت روانی ساکنین در مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد منوط به مجموع ابعاد کالبدی، محیطی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، عملکردی و ساختاری می‌باشد. این ابعاد به‌عنوان عوامل کلیدی، دارای نقش اساسی در برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد ایفا می‌کنند، لذا از طریق دخالت دادن ابعاد استخراجی در برنامه‌ریزی‌ها و طراحی مسکن قشر کم‌درآمد، شاهد روندی مثبت و مؤثر در سلامت روانی ساکنین بخصوص در مسکن اقشار آسیب‌پذیر خواهیم بود.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_98682_11cd21602279629c31bbb22cbeb76f99.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 Identifying the key drivers of improving resilience capacity in post-corona cities with a future research approach (Case study: Mashhad City) شناسایی پیشران‌های کلیدی ارتقای ظرفیت تاب‌آوری در شهرهای پساکرونا با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی مطالعه موردی: کلان‌شهر مشهد 19 38 101547 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.381693.1985 FA مریم ابراهیم پور گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه خاوران، مشهد، ایران ابوالفضل منصوری اطمینان گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 26 ABSTRACT Today, paying attention to the principle of reproduction as one of the factors of creating resilient urban spaces can provide citizens with several options at any time to deal with and reduce the vulnerability and effects of crises such as Corona. The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the key drivers of improving the resilience capacity in post-corona city of Mashhad with a future research approach. The current research is of qualitative type and in terms of typology "parallel single method". Thus, in order to analyze the qualitative data, meta-combination method (basic analysis) and prospective research approach (supplemental analysis) were used simultaneously. The data collection method of this research included document study and semi-structured individual interview. Its statistical population is managers, experts and university professors in the field of urban planning in Mashhad city, 28 of whom were selected as the sample of the study using the purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. The results of the research show that the distribution of the variables are diagonally scattered and mostly concentrated in the two dimensions of influencing and influencing variables. Also, the results showed that the key and important drivers for the reproduction of the post-corona city are the five drivers "the existence of a communication base between people and the organization", "social integration", "awareness of citizens in dealing with the crisis", "access to doctors and medical services", "Market adjustment- product price" and "cyber space security" are in the system. Extended Abstract Introduction According to available statistics and information, throughout history, the share of epidemic diseases has reduced the world's population even more than the casualties of major wars or other natural events and crises. In the meantime, based on the reports of the World Health Organization, the corona virus is considered a new respiratory virus and an epidemic. Which started in late 2019 and early 2020 from Hubei province and Wuhan city of China and has caused many people to die by spreading dramatically around the world. In this way, the epidemic and widespread spread of the corona virus, with unprecedented acceleration, complexity and little information compared to it, has made human life and specifically its cities and spaces face a difficult test. This issue has turned this virus into a serious crisis for the whole world. After trying and experiencing different policies to contain and control Corona, many researchers and scientists believe that the world should gradually learn to coexist with this virus. In the meantime, improving the urban resilience capacity can be in line with this fruitful coexistence. Urban resilience refers to a place where cities increase their tolerance against natural and human crises due to proper management and planning, and with the least amount of financial and life damage, he can overcome a crisis and return to his normal state in the shortest time. In fact, urban resilience is the ability of a system and society that has been exposed to risks to resist these conditions, absorb them, adapt to them and finally reduce the effects of risks with an efficient, timely and appropriate behavior. Thus, paying attention to the principle of reproduction as one of the factors of creating resilient urban spaces can provide citizens with several options at any time to deal with and reduce the vulnerability and effects of crises such as Corona. Methodology The current research is of qualitative type and in terms of typology "parallel single method". Thus, in order to analyze the qualitative data, meta-combination method (basic analysis) and prospective research approach (supplemental analysis) were used simultaneously. The basic analysis has led to the presentation of primary key drivers and the supplementary analysis has led to the explanation of effective and efficient drivers (discovery of cause and effect relationships) and its implementation. The data collection method of this research included document study and semi-structured individual interview. Its statistical population is managers, experts and university professors in the field of urban planning in Mashhad city, 28 of whom were selected as the sample of the study using the purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. Mac Mac software is also used. At the end, direct and indirect impact and influence matrices are presented, which express the relationships of stable variables of the system. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer the following questions. - What are the key drivers for improving resilience capacity in post-corona city reproduction? - How do the drivers lead to the improvement of the resilience capacity in the reproduction of the post-corona city of Mashhad? Results and discussion After identifying and classifying the investigated propellants, the initial matrix (24x24) was formed. After forming the initial matrix, university managers and professors who make decisions in the field of urban issues were asked to rate the drivers. Therefore, according to the intensity of the effects, points from 0 to 3 have been given to the examined variables based on the Mik-Mik model. The initial analysis of the matrix data and the cross effects shows that according to the dimensions of the matrix, there are a total of 595 options for the matrix, of which 290 matrix houses are zero, that is, the drivers did not influence each other or were not influenced by each other. On the other hand, 108 houses have a weak influence, 47 houses have a medium influence and 131 houses have a strong influence, totaling 595 houses of the matrix. After forming the cross matrix, the matrix of direct effects (MDI) was formed based on the averages obtained from the questionnaires. Based on the obtained results, among the studied drivers, the greatest impact on other drivers against the risks of the pandemic (corona) is related to the drivers of financial institutions supporting vulnerable groups, investment for the environmental quality of the city, the existence of a communication base between people and the organization, citizens' awareness and social integration. On the other hand, the greatest effectiveness is related to the drivers of the vitality of the space, the quality of the sidewalks, and the financial institutions that support vulnerable groups. Also, among the main drives, the most effective and influential is related to the physical drive. Conclusion This research aims to identify and rank the variables and key drivers effective on improving the capacity of resilience in post-corona city reproduction and explaining the possible situations of Mashhad city with a foresight approach. For this purpose, 26 influential indicators in the reproduction of Mashhad city, which have been identified based on the background of studies and field studies, have been analyzed in the environment of Mic Mac software. The results of the research have shown that that the distribution of the variables are diagonally scattered and mostly concentrated in the two dimensions of influencing and influencing variables. Also, the results showed that the key and important drivers for the reproduction of the post-corona city are the five drivers "the existence of a communication base between people and the organization", "social integration", "awareness of citizens in dealing with the crisis", "access to doctors and medical services", "Market adjustment - product price" and "cyber space security" are in the system. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. امروزه توجه به اصل بازتولید به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل خلق فضاهای شهری تاب‌آور، می‌تواند گزینه‌های متعددی را در هر زمان جهت مقابله و کاهش خطرپذیری و اثرات بحران‌هایی همچون کرونا به شهروندان ارائه نماید. به همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی پیشران‌های کلیدی ارتقای ظرفیت تاب‌آوری در شهر پساکرونای مشهد با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی انجام‌گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی و به لحاظ نوع‌شناسی "تک‌روشی موازی" است. بدین ترتیب، جهت تحلیل داده‌های کیفی از روش فرا ترکیب (تحلیل پایه) و رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی (تحلیل مکمل) به‌صورت هم‌زمان استفاده‌شده است. تحلیل پایه منجر به ارائه پیشران‌های کلیدی اولیه و تحلیل مکمل منجر به تبیین پیشران‌های اثرگذار و اثرپذیر (کشف روابط علی و معلولی) و عملیاتی نمودن آن شده است. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌های این پژوهش شامل مطالعه اسنادی و مصاحبه فردی نیمه ساختارمند بوده و جامعه آماری آن مدیران، افراد متخصص، صاحب‌نظر و اساتید دانشگاه در رشته شهرسازی در شهر مشهد می‌باشند که تعداد 28 نفر از آن‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تکنیک گلوله برفی به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که توزیع متغیرها به‌صورت قطری پراکنده‌شده‌اند و بیشتر در دو بعد متغیرهای تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر متمرکز بوده‌اند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که پیشران‌های کلیدی و مهم برای بازتولید شهر پساکرونا، پنج پیشران "وجود پایگاه ارتباطی بین مردم و سازمان"، "همگرایی اجتماعی"، "آگاهی شهروندان در برخورد با بحران"، "دسترسی به پزشک و خدمات درمانی"، "تنظیم بازار- قیمت کالا" و "امنیت فضای مجازی" در سیستم می‌باشند.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_101547_b6f9ced7a2ada7abfd3a416719b223d8.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 Users' Emotions analysis in urban parks based on data in virtual space; using Model-oriented and Non-model-oriented methods: the case study of Mellat park in Tehran تحلیل احساسات کاربرانِ پارک‌های شهری مبتنی بر داده‌های فضای مجازی؛ با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های مدل‌گرا و غیرمدل‌گرا مطالعه موردی: پارک ملت تهران 39 57 101658 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.382327.1988 FA مریم محمدی گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران فاطمه قدوسی گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران 0009-0004-0900-4662 Journal Article 2024 11 26 ABSTRACT Among the types of urban spaces, urban green spaces and parks, as city breathing spaces, are lush and relaxing areas that have been selected as the case of this research paper. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the emotions of users of Mellat Park in Tehran in the form of analytical research based on a quantitative method (supervised machine learning approach and lexical-based. After preprocessing and labeling, the data were examined and analyzed using two methods, such as model-oriented and non-model-oriented. Emotions were also examined and analyzed using the Python programming language. The comparison of these two methods revealed that among the machine learning algorithms, XGBoost has the highest accuracy at 87%, while K-nearest neighbors and support vector machines have lower accuracy but are still capable of predicting emotions in green spaces. The lexical method (using the VADER dictionary) has a lower predictive ability compared to machine learning. Finally, the stacking ensemble learning model, which was used to increase the accuracy of the model, has the ability to predict emotions based on the results of the confusion matrix (96%). Therefore, using the method based on virtual space data, it is possible to predict the emotions of users of other urban green spaces with high speed and accuracy in Tehran. Extended Abstract Introduction Increasing the quality of urban parks is effective in providing the psychological and emotional comfort of users. Sentiment analysis is an approach to measure the level of psychological comfort and emotional response of users to spaces. Methodology The research method in the case study is based on the quantitative method. The following presents the selected social virtual space, the time period of data extraction, and the methods used in both methods for data preparation and analysis. It was found that the Google Map social network is suitable for this study. After the pre-processing, in order to train and test the data, the data is divided into 80% training data and 20% testing data (for evaluating the models). Then, the data is labeled to train machine learning models using the points given by the users to the location. In order to select and allocate the appropriate model or algorithm, according to the subject under investigation and the need to classify emotions and achieve a predictive model, the models under the supervision of machine learning were used. The VADER method was used in the non-model method (classification of feelings by the dictionary method). At the same time, the Blending Ensemble model from the stacking family was also used in this research. Results and discussion According to the first method, among the implemented models, the XG Boost algorithm correctly recognized 87% of all messages and was the best algorithm. After that, the k nearest neighbor algorithm correctly recognized about 80% of all messages, support vector machine, 70%, and simple Bayes and linear discriminate analysis about 66% and 57% of all messages. Other models performed less than 50%, and the random forest model performed worse than all algorithms. The results of the second method showed that 22% of the data in the category of negative data were correctly identified, 33% of the neutral data were false, and 44% were identified as false positives. In the category of neutral data, 7% of false negative data, 20% of true neutral data, and 73% of false positive data have been detected. In positive data, 3% of false negative data, 15% of false neutral data, and 82% of positive data are correctly identified. As a result, in this method, the highest correct percentage associated with positive data is 82% correct detection. As a result, it had the best performance in detecting positive data, but it did not perform well in detecting negative and neutral data. In order to provide a predictive model with higher accuracy, the Blending Ensemble models and the stacking family, which is included in the Ensemble Learning model category, were used. The result of applying the proposed blending model to the test data in the confusion matrix shows that in the category of negative data, 80% of the data are correct, 10% of the data are neutral and false, and 10% have identified false positives from the data. In the category of neutral data, 0% of false negative data, 84% of true neutral data, and 16% of neutral data were detected as false positives. In the positive data section, 0% of false negative data, 3% of false neutral data, and 97% of true positive data have been identified. As a result, in general, in the proposed blending model, the best performance has been in positive data, which has been correctly recognized in 97%, and the most error in negative data has been in general with 20% false neutrals and false positives, which compared to other algorithms have a small percentage of errors and have performed well in all 3 categories of positive, neutral and negative. In relation to the evaluation criteria of this model, a percentage above 95% can be seen in all the evaluation criteria, which indicates the good performance of the model. Conclusion The results of the research showed that the model-oriented methods worked better than the word-based method, and the blending method was better than the machine learning algorithms. Therefore, the algorithm trained with the blending method has the ability to predict urban feelings in the park with a high probability. The chosen method has many applications in the field of urban planning and urban design because it provides the possibility of identifying citizens' feelings about the environment due to its low cost compared to field research and the speed of data analysis. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. از میان انواع فضاهای شهری، فضاهای سبز شهری و پارک‌ها، به‌عنوان تنفس گاه‌های شهر، عرصه‌هایی سرسبز و آرامش‌بخش هستند و، به‌عنوان بستر فضایی پژوهش انتخاب‌شده‌اند. بنابراین این مقاله، با هدف تحلیل احساسات کاربران از پارک ملت تهران، در قالب پژوهشی تحلیلی و مبتنی بر روش کمی (رویکرد یادگیری ماشین نظارت‌شده و مبتنی بر لغت) است. داده‌ها پس از پیش‌پردازش و برچسب‌گذاری، با دو روش: مدل‌گرا و غیرمدل‌گرا، بررسی و تحلیل احساسات با زبان برنامه‌نویسی پایتون، انجام‌شده است. مقایسه این دو روش نشان داد که از میان الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین، ایکس. جی.بوست با بیشترین دقت (87%)، کی-نزدیکترین همسایه و ماشین بردار پشتیبان با دقت کمتر، قابلیت پیش‌بینی احساسات در فضاهای سبز را دارند. روش لغوی (استفاده از فرهنگ لغت ویدر) در مقایسه با یادگیری ماشین، قابلیت پیش‌بینی کمتری دارد. در نهایت مدل یادگیری گروهی از نوع پشته‌سازی که برای بالا بردن دقت مدل استفاده‌شده که بر اساس نتایج ماتریس درهم‌آمیختگی (96%) قابلیت پیش‌بینی احساسات را دارد. بنابراین با بهره‌گیری از روش مبتنی بر داده‌های فضای مجازی، می‌توان، به پیش‌بینی احساسات کاربران سایر فضاهای سبز شهری با سرعت و دقت بالا در شهر تهران دست یافت.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_101658_ab402c1b7749acb3ec5922dbec330934.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 The influence of the structure and function of urban areas in the modern climatic zoning: A case study of Ardabil urban area اثر ساختار و عملکرد فضاهای شهری در زون‌بندی نوین اقلیمی مطالعه موردی: منطقه شهری اردبیل 49 65 102073 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.382658.1990 FA علی اکبر شمسی پور گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران علی عظیمی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران رقیه انصاری قولنجی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 27 ABSTRACT Cities are spaces dominated by built environments characterized by specific geometric, surface, and aerodynamic features, creating diverse climatic conditions. The high variability of surface covers presents a mosaic of climates at local and micro scales. Modern tools and methods are required to identify and classify these climates. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) map is an innovative method for classifying urban climate areas, with a particular focus on identifying urban heat islands. In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images from 2023, covering the months of May, June, August, and November, were used to classify the local climate zones of Ardabil city. A variety of programs and tools were employed during the processing stages for image pre-processing, sampling of climate zones, classification, and numerical analysis. After completing the necessary processes, the local climate map of Ardabil was generated, identifying 14 climate classes. The results revealed that the most common local climate zones in Ardabil were LCZ2 and LCZ3, which include neighborhoods with dense building structures of medium and low heights. Lake Shorabil and the surrounding green spaces within a 7-kilometer radius, in addition to their recreational value, have a significant cooling effect on Ardabil's urban environment. The density of buildings and impervious surfaces like concrete and asphalt have reduced vegetation cover and the potential for natural air circulation and ventilation. This, combined with the increased heat emissions from human activities, has intensified the capacity for urban heat island formation in the city's central areas Extended Abstract Introduction Cities are defined by their unique architectural landscapes, which showcase distinct geometric forms, coverings, and aerodynamic patterns contributing to a diverse climate. The physical characteristics, geometric configurations, and land use/cover of urban spaces fundamentally alter drainage patterns, surface hydrological networks, and groundwater aquifers. These changes also disrupt the balance of energy exchange between the surface and the atmosphere, resulting in a mosaic of climates and temperatures within urban environments. Additionally, cities significantly influence airflow patterns and natural ventilation in neighborhoods, thanks to their three-dimensional layouts. The variety of land cover processes creates a mosaic of climates on local and micro scales, necessitating modern tools and methodologies for classification. One such tool is the local climate zone map, which effectively categorizes urban climate zones and focuses on identifying urban heat islands. A study of numerous articles shows that the preparation of maps of local climate zones is superior to other methods of classification and preparation of urban climate maps due to the attention paid to the human and natural structure of the city about climatic factors and its separation into 17 classes. Ardabil has a dense and compact urban texture consisting of medium-rise and low-rise buildings and narrow alleys that play a minor role in air conditioning. Methodology This research is applied in nature and employs spatial statistics for analysis. A quantitative approach was utilized, incorporating numerical and documentary data through two primary methods as a literature review and acquiring satellite images and official records for meteorological data and urban information layers pertaining to Ardabil. Landsat 8 satellite images captured in May, June, August, and November of 2023 were utilized to classify local climate zones in Ardabil. Nestled in the northern part of the Ardabil Plain and along the Baliglu Chay River, Ardabil lies in northwestern Iran, close to the border with Azerbaijan, and is separated from the Caspian Sea and Gilan Province by the Tarom Mountains and Heyran Strait. The city features a dense and compact urban fabric composed of medium- to low-rise buildings interspersed with narrow alleys that limit airflow. For the processing and analysis of results, SAGA-GIS software was used for image preprocessing, Google Earth assisted in climatic zone sampling, and ArcGIS was employed for numerical classification and analysis. Results and discussion After processing the data, we created a local map for Ardabil City, identifying 14 distinct climate classes. Most areas of Ardabil are characterized by dense buildings, particularly in the central and northern halves, which correspond to local climate classes LCZ 2 and LCZ 3. In contrast, the southern half of the city features dense buildings with more open layouts and medium heights. The climate classes characterized by dense, open textures and low to medium heights cover approximately 2,309.79 square kilometers, making up about 18.86% of the study area. Natural covers, including scattered trees, parks, green spaces, and shrubs, classified under local climate classes LCZ A and LCZ B, encompass roughly 139 square kilometers, or 0.7% of the study area. This greenery is distributed throughout the city but is particularly concentrated along the Baliglu River, Tulip Park, Giral Garden, and inner-city pear orchards. These local climate zones play a significant role in moderating the urban climate. In Ardabil, the sky visibility index is relatively low due to the medium and low building density (primarily low-rise structures). However, the sky visibility index is higher in the peripheral areas of the city, thanks to the presence of open spaces, grassy lands, and agricultural zones on the outskirts. Overall, Ardabil enjoys good sky visibility. The local climate map reveals that the aspect ratios in the city's central areas are higher, while peripheral regions and areas outside the city show lower aspect ratios. The percentage of permeable surfaces is notably high in urban areas with tree cover and short grass, whereas impermeable surfaces characterize areas with dense urban development and rocky outcrops. Conclusion, Ardabil is a largely homogeneous city in terms of its texture and function, with most areas classified as LCZ 2, 3, and 8. These classes consist of dense, low-rise buildings as well as large, low-rise structures. The prevalence of buildings and hard surfaces made of concrete and asphalt has significantly reduced vegetation, diminishing natural air movement and ventilation. This, combined with increased heat emissions from human activities, has intensified the urban heat island effect, particularly in the city's central areas. As Ardabil expands southward and construction activity in these regions increases, the need for more green spaces, reduced building density, and improved ventilation through open areas becomes increasingly apparent. Addressing these issues is crucial for alleviating pressure on groundwater resources and enhancing the urban environment. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. شهرها فضاهایی با غلبه مناظر ساختمانی با ویژگی‌های هندسی، پوششی و جریان‌های آیرودینامیکی مشخص هستند که شرایط اقلیمی متنوعی را به نمایش می‌گذارند. تنوع بالای پوشش‌های سطحی، موزاییکی از اقلیم‌ها را در مقیاس‌های محلی و خرد ارائه می‌دهد. برای شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی این اقلیم‌ها، ابزارها و روش‌های مدرن موردنیاز است. نقشه زون اقلیم محلی یک روش نوین برای طبقه‌بندی مناطق اقلیم شهری است که به شناسایی جزایر گرمای شهری تأکید دارد. در این مطالعه از تصاویر ماهواره لندست 8 سال 2023 و ماه‌های می، ژوئن، آگوست و نوامبر برای طبقه‌بندی زون‌های اقلیم محلی شهر اردبیل استفاده شد. در فرایند پردازش و تولید نتایج، برنامه‌ها و ابزارهای متنوعی برای پیش‌پردازش و پردازش تصاویر، نمونه‌گیری زون‌های اقلیمی و طبقه‌بندی و تحلیل‌های عددی استفاده گردید. پس از انجام پردازش‌های لازم، نقشه اقلیم محلی شهر اردبیل با 14 طبقه اقلیمی استخراج شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین طبقه اقلیم محلی شهر اردبیل مربوط به طبقات LCZ2 و LCZ3 است که شامل محلاتی با بافت ساختمانی متراکم و ارتفاع متوسط و کوتاه می‌باشد. وجود دریاچه شورابیل و فضاهای سبز پیرامون آن در محدوده شهر با محیط هفت کیلومتری، اضافه بر نقش تفرجی، ظرفیت بالایی در خنک‌کنندگی فضای شهری اردبیل دارد. تراکم ساختمانی و سازه‌های انسانی با رویه‌های بتونی و آسفالتی نفوذناپذیر باعث کاهش پوشش گیاهی و پتانسیل جابجایی و تهویه طبیعی هوا شده که همراه با افزایش انتشار گرمای ناشی از فعالیت انسانی، منجر به تشدید ظرفیت شکل‌گیری جزیره گرمای شهری در مناطق مرکزی شهر می‌شود.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_102073_9f20e9327e8bacfed1513a53deaa944c.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 Exploring environmental and attitudinal factors influencing citizens' traffic behavior: A case study of Rasht city بررسی عوامل محیطی و نگرشی تأثیرگذار بر رفتار ترافیکی شهروندان مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت 67 83 102071 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.378248.1956 FA علی اکبر سالاری پور گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران شهریار رضائی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 27 ABSTRACT Despite the recent physical and structural developments, the city of Rasht is still facing serious problems and challenges in traffic management and the traffic behavior of citizens. In this context, this research is characterized by its practical objectives and adescriptive-analytical approach, drawing on both library research and the field. This research aims to identify the environmental and attitudinal factors affecting the traffic behavior of the citizens of Rasht City. According to the Cochran formula, the statistical sample size of the research was 384 residents of Rasht city. Also, in field studies, a researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-level Likert scale was used to obtain information. Then, to analyze the data and answer the research questions, SPSS software and the structural equation model method in the software (smart pls 4) with different tests were used. In this research, it was found that there is a significant and direct relationship between environmental factors (structural and physical) and attitudinal factors, and this relationship shows that changes in the urban environment and structure can affect the attitude and perspective of citizens toward traffic behaviors. On the other hand, citizens of Rasht city consider environmental factors more influential than attitudinal factors. Extended Abstract Introduction Rasht City, a prominent urban center in northern Iran and the capital of Guilan Province, stands at the crossroads of rapid urbanization and escalating traffic challenges. With an annual population growth rate of 1.9%, Rasht exemplifies thecomplexities of organic urban development,characterizedbya historical street network that evolved without formal planning. This organic texture, while culturally rich and socially vibrant,presents significant impediments to efficient urban mobility. The city's strategic role as a transportation hub and ahighdensityofadministrative,commercial,andhealthcare facilities attract substantial intra- and inter-city traffic. Official statistics from the Rasht ComprehensiveTransportation and Traffic Plan (2017) indicate that approximately 60% of households own at least one private vehicle, contributing to an estimated one million daily car trips.This reliance on private automobiles, exacerbated by the absence of a robust public transportation system, intensifiestrafficcongestion, environmental degradation, and public health concerns,including elevated greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution.The global trend of urbanization, projected to double urban populations to five billion by 2025, underscores the urgency of addressing traffic behavior in cities like Rasht. Rapid urban expansion and inadequate infrastructure, such as narrow streets, insufficient parking, and limited pedestrian and cycling facilities, have fostered a car-centric culture. This study seeks to explore the environmental (structural and physical) and attitudinal factors shaping citizens' traffic behavior in Rasht, aiming to answer critical questions: -What traffic behaviors most significantlyimpacttheurban environment, and how do environmental and attitudinal factors influence these behaviors?Byexaminingthese dynamics, the research aims to inform sustainable urban planning strategies that mitigate traffic-related challenges and enhance the quality of urban life. Methodology This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with an applied objective, integrating library-based research and field surveys to provide a holistic understanding of traffic behavior in Rasht City. The research population comprises Rasht residents, from which a statistically representative sample of 384 individuals was selected using Cochran’s formula, employing a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through a researcher-designed questionnaire featuring a 5-point Likert scale, comprising 52 specialized questions (later refined to 25 through structural equation modeling) and 10 general demographic queries. The questionnaire assessed three key variables: environmental factors (e.g., urban infrastructure, transportation systems, and environmental conditions), attitudinal factors (e.g., social interactions, mental and physical health, and driving culture), and traffic behavior (e.g., mode choice, adherence to traffic laws, and trip purposes). To ensure reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated in SPSS, yielding a standardized coefficient of 0.859, indicating high internal consistency. Content validity was established through expert review by 11 specialists, while construct validity was confirmed via factor analysis. Data collection occurred both in-person, across key urban locations, and online via the Pors Line platform, enhancing accessibility and response diversity. For analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using Smart PLS 4, complemented by various statistical tests (e.g., Bartlett’s test of sphericity and KMO index) to validate the model’s adequacy. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.870, with a significant Bartlett’s test (p < 0.0001) confirming the suitability of the data for factor analysis. This rigorous methodology enabled a nuanced exploration of the interplay between environmental and attitudinal determinants of traffic behavior. Results and discussion The findings reveal traffic behavior in Rasht City as a multifacetedphenomenon intricately shaped by environmental and attitudinal factors. Descriptive statistics indicate that 68% of respondents own at least one private vehicle, with 31% driving between three and five hours daily, underscoring a pronounced dependency on cars. Analytical results derived from SEM highlight a significant direct relationship between environmental factors (structural and physical) and attitudinal factors, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70. This suggests that alterations in the urban environment, such as street design, infrastructure quality, and transportation availability, markedly influence citizens’ attitudes toward traffic behavior. Notably, citizens perceive environmental factors (e.g., urban density, road geometry, and parking shortages) as more influential than attitudinal factors, a perception reinforced by a path coefficient 0.577 linking environmental variables to behavior. The organic urban layout of Rasht, characterized by narrow, winding streets and high building density, amplifies traffic congestion, particularly in central areas, fostering aggressive driving behaviors and prolonged commute times. Structural deficiencies, including inadequate public transportation (e.g., insufficient bus and taxi coverage) and outdated traffic regulations, compound these issues. The study identifies urban density as a critical environmental factor, with 70% of respondents spending over an hour daily in traffic, leading to heightened frustration and unsafe practices. Conversely, attitudinal factors such as low environmental awareness and a weak culture of traffic responsibility exhibit a weaker correlation with behavior (r = 0.61), suggesting that structural constraints often overshadow individual mindsets. Conclusion This study elucidates the pivotal role of environmental and attitudinal factors in shaping traffic behavior in Rasht City, revealing a complex interplay with significant implications for urban sustainability. The strong correlation between structural conditions and attitudes (r=0.70) suggests thatenhancing urban infrastructure,particularlypublictransportation and street design, can positively influencecitizens’traffic-related perceptions and behaviors. Thepronounced dependence on private vehicles and deficiencies in transportation alternatives exacerbate congestion, pollution, and health challenges, necessitating urgent interventions. The research advocates a dual strategy as first, improving the quantity and quality of public transportation systems to reduce car dependency, as evidenced by citizens’ willingness to forgo unnecessary trips if viable alternatives exist; second, implementing educational and cultural programs to elevate environmental awareness and foster responsible traffic behavior. These measures align with the theory of planned behavior, which posits that supportive infrastructure and positive attitudes can mitigate undesirable actions. By addressing structural and attitudinal dimensions, city administrators can alleviate traffic-related social, economic, and environmental burdens, paving the way for a more sustainable urban future in Rasht. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. شهر رشت با وجود توسعه‌های کالبدی و ساختاری اخیر، همچنان با مشکلات و چالش‌های جدی در مدیریت ترافیک و رفتار ترافیکی شهروندان مواجه است در همین راستا این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر رویکرد، توصیفی - تحلیلی، متکی بر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل محیطی و نگرشی تأثیرگذار بر رفتار ترافیکی شهروندان شهر رشت است حجم نمونه آماری پژوهش با توجه به فرمول کوکران، 384 نفر از ساکنین شهر رشت بوده است. همچنین در مطالعات میدانی برای به دست آوردن اطلاعات و ارتباط بین متغیرها از پرسشنامه‌ای با طیف لیکرت 5 سطحی محقق ساخت استفاده گردید. سپس به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و پاسخگویی به سؤالات پژوهش از نرم‌افزار spss و روش مدل معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار (smart pls 4) با آزمون‌های مختلف استفاده‌شده است. در این پژوهش مشخص شد که بین عوامل محیطی (ساختاری و کالبدی) و عوامل نگرشی، ارتباط معنادار و مستقیمی برقرار است و این ارتباط نشان‌دهنده این است که تغییرات در محیط و ساختار شهری می‌تواند نگرش و دیدگاه شهروندان نسبت به رفتارهای ترافیکی را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، از طرفی شهروندان شهر رشت، عوامل محیطی را تأثیرگذارتر از عوامل نگرشی می‌دانند.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_102071_152cf36037e397743904aca1fc9b67c4.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 06 Extraction and structural analysis of good governance components in urban hazards of Iran استخراج و تحلیل ساختاری مؤلفه‌های حکمروایی خوب در مخاطرات شهری ایران 85 101 102070 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.386445.2019 FA مصطفی محمدی ده چشمه گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران اقبال نصیری برم الوان گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 27 ABSTRACT More than half the world’s population lives in cities and urban areas. The increasing expansion of cities and the influx of population into these areas, without regard to the urban context and capacity, in addition to exacerbating poverty, unemployment, and insecurity, has led to environmental pollution and ultimately reduced citizens’ satisfaction with the quality of life in cities. Furthermore, today, increasing vulnerability and decreasing resilience of the city and its inhabitants to various human, natural, technological, and biological hazards, and even war and terror, can be considered a serious and growing threat to the safety and well-being of citizens. Therefore, it is necessary for urban management, in line with this diversity of hazards, to provide a coordinated, broad, efficient, and comprehensive mechanism for controlling, reducing, and building urban resilience. Urban governance is a successful strategy based on accepted global principles used to address and manage the challenges mentioned. This study aims to conceptualize and structurally analyze the components of governance in the face of urban hazards and to determine the extent and manner of influence of these components to achieve the vision of good urban governance. The present research is, in terms of purpose, applied, and in terms of nature and method, descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field (questionnaire). In the field section, in order to utilize the opinions of experts and structural modeling in MIC MAC software, 50 academic experts and urban managers were used. Finally, 34 components based on the global principles of good governance and in accordance with urban hazard management in Iran were conceptualized in the findings section. Among the selected components, 10 key drivers with the greatest impact on the realization of governance in urban hazards were identified. The results of this analysis also showed that, based on the total impact of the components, the principles of effectiveness and efficiency, each with three components, have the most significant impact on the realization of governance in the face of urban hazards in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction Hazard is an inevitable reality in social life and in its essence, it is the context for the formation of threats and opportunities that, depending on their type, intensity, and environmental scope, can put various systems in difficult conditions. In many countries, urban growth and resource challenges, on the one hand, and environmental and ecological disasters, on the other, have turned cities into centers of hazard production. These challenges constantly impose acute, complex, and chaotic conditions on cities, which no single actor can manage alone and require a collective capacity to increase response rapidly. Establishing this operational method of urban hazard management in traditional and reactive ways is not possible, and it requires the implementation of an effective, accountable, transparent, and efficient hazard management system that, while taking effective action in preventing and preparing urban communities against hazards, takes efficient measures to manage the scene (during and after the hazard). Urban policymakers have found no way to manage and respond to the emerging complexities of the contemporary city other than creating a foundation for the development of democracy. This new form of management is called the good governance movement and has urban origins. While coordinating multiple actors in the urban sphere, urban governance in hazards seeks to provide the necessary readiness to manage before, during, and after the hazard in the form of a defined strategy and in cooperation with the international community and local management. Iran, with a history of 31 hazards occurring out of 41 identified hazards, is recognized as a country with high vulnerability to hazards. The vastness and geographical diversity, location in the world’s arid belt, high potential for seismicity, bitter experiences of floods and droughts, subsidence and high water stress on the one hand, and bitter experiences of manufactured and technological hazards such as explosions, fires, social unrest, and the rapid growth of false urbanization all testify to the fact that Iran is a territory prone to accepting hazards on various scales. Meanwhile, cities, as a territory that houses more than 60% of Iran’s population, have always been more exposed to large-scale and destructive hazards. For this purpose, the present study seeks to explain the practical concept of good governance in the face of urban hazards in Iran and to analyze how its components relate to and impact each other. In order to achieve this goal, the most important questions this research seeks to answer are: 1.What are the effective components in realizing the strategy of good governance in the face of urban hazards in Iran? 2.What is the pattern of interaction (influence - being influenced) of these components on each other? 3.What are the key drivers in realizing the vision of urban governance in the face of hazards? Methodology The present research is, in terms of purpose, applied, and in terms of nature and method, descriptive-analytical, and in terms of analysis, is considered part of mixed-method research (quantitative-qualitative). The present study aims to extract and structurally analyze the components of good governance in urban hazards in Iran. In this regard, in order to identify the components of good governance, in addition to studying the existing records and theoretical framework, the opinions of expert specialists have been used. For this purpose, the study's target population included 50 expert specialists from university professors and urban managers, whose opinions were used in two stages. After extracting the components of governance effective in hazard management from theoretical records and combining them with the opinions of experts, 34 final components were identified, conceptualized, and categorized as subsets of the global principles of urban governance and in accordance with the category of urban hazard management in Iran. Results and discussion Based on the final output of the structural model of the present study, the impact of the 8 global principles in realizing urban hazard governance has been obtained based on the average value of its components. This output shows that the principle of effectiveness with the components of "formulating integrated hazard management plans based on spatial differences," updating hazard management systems," and" utilizing related expertise in the hazard management process" has the most significant impact on realizing the vision of urban hazard governance. After this principle, the components of the principle of efficiency, compared to other components, have a greater impact on the realization of urban hazard governance. Conclusion The results of this research show that among the 34 identified components effective in urban hazard management and in accordance with the output of MIC MAC software, 10 key components with high power of influence and being influenced in the process of realizing good governance in urban hazard management in Iran were identified and categorized. In terms of system performance, these forces play a role in high and low influences in the system environment to improve urban hazard management in Iran, and as a result, they are considered the most effective and key components. The analysis of these components shows that most of the components are related to the components of effectiveness, efficiency, and participation in the global principles of good urban governance. Therefore, the establishment of a coordinated, comprehensive, and integrated hazard management system to eliminate inconsistencies between and within organizations involved in the hazard management process on the one hand, streamlining and removing barriers to communication with higher-level organizations and defining a transparent process from the highest levels of policymaking to the lowest operational level for good urban hazard governance is a necessity. On the other hand, accountability and transparency are two fundamental principles for shaping the vision of good governance in the face of hazards and seeking the participation of citizens in this process. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. امروزه افزایش آسیب‌پذیری و کاهش تاب‌آوری شهر و ساکنانش در برابر انواع مخاطرات انسانی، طبیعی، تکنولوژیک، بیولوژیک و حتی جنگ و ترور را می‌توان تهدید جدی و روزافزون برای امنیت و آسایش شهروندان دانست. ازاین‌رو ضروری است مدیریت شهری همسو با این تنوع مخاطرات، نوعی سازوکار هماهنگ، گسترده، کارا و جامع را برای کنترل، کاهش و تاب‌آوری شهر ارائه دهد. حکمروایی شهری یک استراتژی موفق مبتنی بر اصول پذیرفته‌شده جهانی است که برای مواجه و مدیریت چالش‌های ذکرشده به کار گرفته‌شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، مفهوم‌سازی و تحلیل ساختاری مؤلفه‌های حکمروایی در برابر مخاطرات شهری و تعیین میزان و نحوه اثر گزاری و اثرپذیری این مؤلفه‌ها برای تحقق چشم‌انداز حکمروایی خوب شهری است. پژوهش حاضر، به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات به دو روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه) بوده است. در بخش میدانی و به‌منظور بهره‌گیری از آراء خبرگان و مدل‌سازی ساختاری در نرم‌افزار میک مک، از 50 کارشناس و خبره متخصص دانشگاهی و مدیران شهری استفاده‌شده است. در نهایت، در بخش یافته‌ها، 34 مؤلفه مبتنی بر اصول جهانی حکمروایی خوب و منطبق با مدیریت مخاطرات شهری ایران، مفهوم‌سازی شد. از بین مؤلفه‌های منتخب، 10 پیشران کلیدی با بیشترین اثر در تحقق حکمروایی در مخاطرات شهری شناخته شدند. همچنین نتایج این تحلیل نشان داده است که بر اساس مجموع اثرگذاری مؤلفه‌ها، اصول اثربخشی و کارایی هر یک با سه مؤلفه بیشترین اثر را در تحقق حکمروایی در برابر مخاطرات شهری ایران داشته است.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_102070_fa738e5087d3f1fea94536fdafbb8653.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 07 Measuring health and safety quality indicators of housing in Tabriz informal settlements سنجش شاخص‌های مؤثر در کیفیت سلامت و ایمنی مسکن در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی تبریز 103 122 102247 10.22059/jurbangeo.2025.381717.1984 FA علی زینالی عظیم گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده مهندسی شهرسازی و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 28 ABSTRACT Housing quality is fundamentally linked to health and sustainability goals, housing safety is a pervasive challenge in cities and urban areas of low-income countries, especially in informal settlements where a large number of urban dwellers live. Despite this ongoing challenge and its impact on health and well-being, there is a need to measure the safety and health of housing in these areas. Therefore, this research measures the indicators of the quality of health and safety of housing in the informal settlements of Tabriz. For this, a quantitative method was used along with a researcher-made questionnaire. The target community in this research consisted of urban planners and architects, engineers, inspectors and developers in the city. For data analysis, structural equations were used with the exploratory confirmatory factor method along with the partial least squares method, which is less sensitive to the sample size and is the best method to show the relationships between latent and manifest variables. For this, Spss and SmartPls software were used. In this study, various factors affecting the safety and health performance of low-cost housing in informal settlements of Tabriz city were investigated. The results indicate that architecture, building services, external environment, management approaches and maintenance management have a significant effect on health and safety performance. Building service factors (β = 0.89) were the main causes of safety and health performance. It is important to evaluate the conditions of construction services to protect the safety, health and well-being of people and to protect the environment. Extended Abstract Introduction According to Article 31 of the Law of the Islamic Republic, safe housing is the right of every Iranian. Improving the quality of housing and related services increases social stability, environmental conditions and overall quality of life, and at the same time motivates community participation. In the qualitative dimension, there are issues and phenomena related to the poor condition of housing and lack of housing. Epidemiological findings show a strong relationship between housing conditions and health. Today, it has been proven that housing affects the health of residents directly and indirectly, and healthy housing can reduce the risk of various diseases and physical injuries. And it may positively or negatively affect the quality of life and family and individual well-being. According to the World Bank, improving housing can save lives, prevent disease, increase quality of life, reduce poverty, and contribute to development and health goals for sustainable cities. According to reports, more than 500,000 people live in informal settlements with poor housing conditions in Tabriz metropolis. Improper housing in these settlements in Tabriz city threatens human health and safety in many physical, biological and social dimensions. In fact, informal settlements not only threaten health, but also spread diseases and reduce human life expectancy. In this regard, in order to improve the quality of construction, future challenges in environmental practice and new construction methods should be identified to promote the highest quality standards, safety and health and environmental practices. According to the main purpose of the research and the stated contents, the main question of the research is raised as follows: What are the health and safety quality indicators of housing in the informal settlements of Tabriz? Methodology The current research was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The target community in this research is defined as city planners and architects, engineers, inspectors and developers in the city. As a rule of thumb, a sample size of at least 200 is a good basis for performing a maximum likelihood estimation, which is one of the most common structural equation modeling (SEM) estimates. Non-probability cluster sampling was used in this research. 300 self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. A multiple choice data collection method was used whereby some questionnaires were mailed to respondents, some via email and some were delivered in person. The process of distributing and collecting questionnaires was done in two months. A total of 252 questionnaires were received and used for this analysis. In the following, in order to identify the effect of the effective factors on the health and safety of houses in the informal settlements of Tabriz city, exploratory factor analysis was used to group these factors. Criterion validation and model testing were performed using a structural equation modeling tool called SmartPLS, which uses a component-based approach to estimation. SmartPLS included a two-step approach to data analysis. First, the measurement model was used to evaluate and develop the reliability and validity of the research tool. In the second step, after adjusting the items and accepting the measurement model, the structural model was evaluated to evaluate the hypothetical relationships between the structures in the conceptual model. This two-step process helped to ensure that the scale items were statistically consistent and that the constructs measured what they were intended to measure, prior to any attempt to draw conclusions regarding the construct model. Table 2 shows the indicators and sub-indices investigated in the research. Results and discussion In this study, various factors affecting the safety and health performance of low-cost housing in informal settlements of Tabriz city were investigated. The results indicate that architecture, building services, external environment, management approaches and maintenance management have a significant effect on health and safety performance. Building service factors (β = 0.89) were the main causes of safety and health performance. It is important to evaluate the conditions of construction services to protect the safety, health and well-being of people and to protect the environment. Conclusion Finally, there is a need for more disaggregated cross-sectional data related to housing health and safety. These data will be important to inform the development and prioritization of promotion strategies for health, and to support further research that seeks to measure and evaluate the impact of informal settlement promotion and interventions on local and broader health trends. It is important to note that these results should be interpreted in light of the limitations of this study. To improve the statistical power of these results, a larger sample size can be used in future studies. Future studies can explore and identify specific relationships between safety and health performance and understand personal responsibilities among construction workers to better understand the issue of sustainable construction. Future research should also include a systems approach to explore and understand interactions between city system components and key health outcomes, especially in rapidly urbanizing low- and middle-income countries. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. کیفیت مسکن به‌طور اساسی با اهداف سلامت و پایداری مرتبط است، ایمنی مسکن یک چالش فراگیر در شهرها و مناطق شهری کشورهای کم‌درآمد است، به‌ویژه در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی که تعداد بالایی از ساکنان شهری در آن زندگی می‌کنند. باوجوداین چالش مداوم و تأثیر آن بر سلامت و رفاه، برای سنجش ایمنی و سلامت مسکن در این مناطق وجود دارد. ازاین‌رو این تحقیق به سنجش شاخص‌های مؤثر بر کیفیت سلامت و ایمنی مسکن در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی تبریز می‌پردازد. برای این کار از روش کمی همراه با پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شد. جامعه هدف در این تحقیق متشکل از شهرسازان و معماران، مهندسان، بازرسان و توسعه‌دهندگان در شهر بود. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده از معادلات ساختاری با روش عامل تأییدی اکتشافی به همراه روش حداقل مربعات جزئی به حجم نمونه حساسیت کمتری دارد و بهترین روش برای نشان دادن روابط متغیرهای پنهان و آشکار است، استفاده گردید. برای این کار از نرم‌افزار Spss و SmartPls بهره گرفته شد. در این مطالعه عوامل مختلف اثرگذار بر عملکرد ایمنی و سلامت مسکن ارزان‌قیمت در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی شهر تبریز بررسی شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که معماری، خدمات ساختمان، محیط خارجی، رویکردهای مدیریتی و مدیریت نگهداری، تأثیر معناداری بر عملکرد ایمنی و بهداشت دارند. عوامل خدمات ساختمان (89/0 =β) علل اصلی عملکرد ایمنی و سلامت بودند. که ارزیابی شرایط خدمات ساختمانی برای محافظت از ایمنی، سلامت و رفاه مردم و حفاظت از محیط‌زیست مهم است.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_102247_b3b8339f2f962731270711398fc73114.pdf

موسسه جغرافیا پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری 2383-1456 13 1 2025 05 07 Assessment of the livability condition in metropolises based on the global livability literature: A case study of Tabriz Metropolis ارزیابی وضعیت زیست‌پذیری کلان‌شهرها بر اساس ادبیات جهانی زیست‌پذیری مطالعه موردی: کلان‌شهر تبریز 123 143 102720 10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.370143.1901 FA برهان ویسی ناب گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران فریدون بابایی اقدم گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2024 11 28 ABSTRACT Livability is one of the most significant urban planning ideas in the contemporary era, and its realization among the cities of the third world is a worrying issue. Therefore, the importance of studying urban livability is one of the new tasks of urban planning; its responsibility is to improve the quality of life. So, the current research with a descriptive-analysis approach aims to investigate the livability of Tabriz metropolis in social, economic, and environmental dimensions based on the global livability literature. In order to evaluate the livability of Tabriz metropolis (in the form of 3 dimensions, 15 indicators, and 158 items), first, a relevant questionnaire was designed after determining the statistical sample at the level of the 10 Regions of Tabriz using Cochran's method (383 samples) and validating and reliability of the questionnaire, relevant information has been collected. In order to analyze the relevant information, Shannon's entropy method was used to weigh the indicators and research subjects, and the modified Morris method was used to determine the livability Condition of the regions based on the global livability literature at 5 levels. The research findings show that the economic dimension, with a weight of 0.429, is more important than social and environmental dimensions. Also, the livability Condition of Tabriz metropolis is not suitable because in the 10 Regions of Tabriz metropolis, the largest number of regions, 8 regions such as 4, 6, 10, 9, 7, 1, 3, and 8, are in an unfavorable livability Condition. Only Region 2 is in full favorability (acceptable) Condition. Also, Region 5 has a moderate livability condition. Thus, the results show that most urban regions of Tabriz need special attention from city managers Extended Abstract Introduction Experts, specialists, and managers in the field of planning have accepted the concept of livability as one of the new concepts in urban planning that is closely related to the sustainability of cities and improving the quality of life. The main goal of livability is to improve the quality of urban spaces on a human scale in cities. The livability of a city, which includes social, economic, and environmental dimensions, assumes a fundamental role in determining the quality of life. A city can achieve sustainable urban growth only through coordinated development in these areas. The increase in population in Iran in various dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) has caused adverse effects such as unfavorable physical-spatial development of cities, intense rural-urban migrations, high costs of transportation and urban services, etc. Tabriz metropolis is the sixth most populous city in Iran, which was once known as the healthiest city in the country. Today, it has moved away from its once-brilliant past and faces numerous social, economic, and environmental issues. Therefore, the current research is conducted based on the need for planning in the area of urban livability and improving the quality of life in Tabriz metropolis, and while specifying the criteria of livability in social, economic, and environmental dimensions, the state of this explains what is important at the level of the city and different regions in mental dimensions (residents' perceptions). Methodology The current research is applied in terms of the type and purpose of the research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is survey, descriptive-analytical. In this research, urban livability has been evaluated in the subjective dimension (residents' perception). First, livability indicators were extracted in the subjective dimension by studying the research literature. The statistical population includes residents of 10 areas of Tabriz metropolis (68,898 households, 1,558,693 people), who were selected based on the Cochran formula, 383 people (in the present study, the statistical population of the study is the number of households in Tabriz city). Citizens' answers to the desired questions were collected and entered into SPSS21 software, and the average of each index in the region was calculated. Then, the Shannon entropy method was used to weigh the indicators, and the raw matrix in the Shannon entropy method is the average response of citizens in each region. Finally, the livability condition of Tabriz metropolitan regions was determined using the modified Morris method and based on the global livability literature. Results and discussion In a general summary of the findings of the research, it can be said that among the dimensions examined related to livability, social, economic, and environmental; the economic dimension has a higher degree of importance than other dimensions, which is the case with the results of the studies: Aseraei et al. (2022), Emdadi et al. (2022), Vahidifar et al. Mojtabi-Zadeh (2019), Ali Akbari et al. (2019), Veysi Nab et al. (2018), Isalou et al. (2013), Yi et al. (2021) who considered the economic dimension of urban livability to be more important than other dimensions are in line. Also, the livability assessment of Tabriz metropolis shows its unfavorable condition. In the Tabriz metropolis, out of 10 regions, 8 are in poor condition, while only Regions 2 and 5 have acceptable and average livability conditions, respectively. This case is consistent with the findings of Mousavi et al. (2023), Thaqbi et al. (2022), Nazm Far et al. (2022), Piri et al. (2021), Ali Akbari et al. (2019), Khazaee Nezhad et al. (2017) who evaluated the livability of the studied areas as unsuitable, is consistent. The present research results can be used in urban planning to increase services, facilities, and reforms in the 8 Regions of Tabriz metropolis to increase livability and reduce social anomalies. This article, together with the low amount of urban livability in social, economic, and environmental dimensions, points to the need for proper planning to increase livability in Tabriz metropolis as an international metropolis. Conclusion Examining the livability of Tabriz metropolis shows the fact that this metropolis is far from a livable city. If today the essential solutions to improve the livability and reduce the many challenges of this metropolis, And if the relevant planning is not done, we can expect that in the not too distant future, we will face a metropolis full of problems that even life in this metropolis is difficult. Therefore, making the challenged regions livable can help solve the countless problems of Tabriz metropolis caused by the city's horizontal expansion and inappropriate land use patterns. Funding This research is supported by the research grant of the University of Tabriz (number ص/1157) Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. زیست‌پذیری یکی از بزرگ‌ترین ایده‌های برنامه‌ریزی شهری در دوران معاصر است و تحقق آن در میان شهرهای جهان سوم مسئله‌ای نگران‌کننده می‌باشد. از همین رو، اهمیت مطالعه زیست‌پذیری شهری به‌عنوان یکی از وظایف جدید برنامه‌ریزی شهری، مسئولیت آن ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد – توصیفی تحلیل در پی آن بوده که وضعیت زیست‌پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز را در 3 بعد اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی بر اساس ادبیات جهانی زیست‌پذیری بررسی نماید. جهت ارزیابی وضعیت زیست‌پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز (در قالب 3 بعد، 15 شاخص و 158 گویه) ابتدا پرسشنامه مربوطه طراحی، پس از تعین نمونه آماری در سطح مناطق 10 گانه تبریز با استفاده از روش کوکران (383 نمونه) و تائید روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه، اطلاعات مربوطه جمع‌آوری‌شده است. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات مربوطه از روش آنتروپی شانون برای وزن‌دهی شاخص‌ها و گویه‌های پژوهش و از روش موریس اصلاحی برای تعیین وضعیت زیست‌پذیری مناطق بر اساس ادبیات جهانی در 5 سطح استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که بعد اقتصادی با وزن 429/0 دارایی درجه اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به دو بعد اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی می‌باشد. همچنین وضعیت زیست‌پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز مناسب نمی‌باشد زیرا از 10 منطقه کلان‌شهر تبریز بیشترین تعداد مناطق یعنی 8 منطقه 4، 6، 10، 9، 7، 1، 3 و 8 در وضعیت زیست‌پذیری نامطلوب قرار دارند و تنها منطقه 2 در وضعیت قابل‌قبول قرار دارد. همچنین منطقه 5 نیز در وضعیت زیست‌پذیری متوسطی قرارگرفته است. بنابراین نتایج گویایی آن است که بیشتر مناطق شهری تبریز نیازمند توجه ویژه مدیران شهری هستند.

https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_102720_ca0f1347066d8a422a971c946416137c.pdf