تحلیل ساختار و محتوای پژوهش‌های بیوفیلیک شهری از نگاه پژوهش‌های داخلی و بین‌المللی

ABSTRACT
Biophilic urban planning is an emerging approach that integrates nature into cities by fostering a strong connection between urban environments and their inhabitants. This approach addresses pressing challenges such as air pollution, declining social engagement with nature, urban-nature incompatibility, and the inefficient use of natural resources. This study aims to systematically categorize and analyze research articles on biophilic urban planning, both domestic and international, to understand their approaches, methodologies, and thematic focus. The research examines key aspects, including methodological frameworks, indicators, data collection techniques, analysis methods, and reported outcomes. By identifying research trends and gaps, this study provides insights into the evolution of biophilic urban planning literature. The findings reveal a notable distinction between international and domestic research. While international studies predominantly emphasize environmental and social dimensions, domestic research tends to focus on physical aspects, including urban form and design. Furthermore, the study indicates that more than 64% of both domestic and international research in this field is applied in nature, highlighting its practical significance. Despite the growing body of literature, a critical gap remains in the development of a comprehensive model for analyzing and evaluating biophilic urban planning. Most existing studies address specific aspects of the topic, yet there is a lack of integrative frameworks that holistically assess its effectiveness. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches and standardized evaluation models to advance the field and enhance the implementation of biophilic principles in urban planning.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Iranian cities currently face significant deficiencies in green spaces. A comparison of urban planning standards reveals that many cities lack adequate per capita green areas, leading to unequal distribution and limited access for residents. The United Nations recommends a balanced per capita green space of 20 to 25 square meters globally. In Iran, acceptable green space ranges from 7 to 12 square meters, depending on geographical factors and water availability, with the national average at 11.8 square meters, well below the global standard of 25 square meters. Modern life has increasingly restricted access to nature, yet the desire to connect with it remains strong. This disconnection is concerning, as studies indicate that humans have an innate need for nature, known as biophilia, which is crucial for cognitive function and overall well-being.
 
Methodology
According to the main objective of the research based on the creation of a conceptual model of biophilic urban planning, the present research examines Persian and English articles from 2013-2024 that have been rated and accredited by the Ministry of Science and JCR. The research approach is hybrid. The condition of having the subject with the keyword related to the biophilic city and compatible with nature (nature-bio-oriented) has been determined as the criterion and condition for the input of the primary data of the research. After reviewing sources and information, 14 English JCR articles and 26 authentic Persian scientific research articles related to biophilic urban planning were reviewed and analyzed, and after summarizing the contents, the results were explained.
 
Results and discussion
The findings of this research showed that the articles published in this field have increased, and especially since 2020, they have grown faster. The two journals’ Buildings and Sustainability, are among the most important foreign journals, and Sustainable City and Human Geography Research, are among the most important domestic journals. Examining the factors used in domestic studies shows that most research has investigated biophilic institutions and organizations, infrastructure and conditions, biophilic attitudes and awareness, biophilic activity, and in the next rank of researchers, the components of direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, experience of space and place, spiritual, physical, psychological have been used more in their studies. Reviewing the selected articles in accordance with the reviewed criteria and the input filters of the articles showed that the general dimensions of biophilic are direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, and experience of space and place. Other results of the research show that the content of all scientific-research articles examined in this research is generally in the category of applied research in terms of nature. A reliability test was performed in about 60% of internal studies, but in foreign studies, the reliability test was omitted due to the method used. By studying and analyzing the distribution of the research conducted in the provinces of the country, it can be said that the articles that have been carried out on a case-by-case basis have the most frequency in Tehran province.
 
Conclusion
The findings of the research show that in foreign research in the field of biophilic urban planning, more emphasis is placed on environmental and social aspects; this is despite the fact that in domestic research, the focus is mostly on the physical dimension, city texture, and urban design in biophilic urban planning. Also, other findings of the current research indicate that, on average, more than 64% of the content of domestic and foreign research is practical in terms of nature in the field of biophilic urban planning, and conducting fundamental research in this field seems more necessary than ever. The results of the research indicate that all the articles have examined specific aspects of biophilic urban planning and a comprehensive model for the analysis and evaluation of biophilic urban planning has not been presented.
 
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.