Analysis of the Pattern of Urban Smart Management, a New Way to Improve Urban Governance

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 PhD Geography and Urban Planning, Sistan and Baluchestan University

2 PhD Student, Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University

Abstract

Introduction
One of the most important issues in today's cities is the rapid growth of the population and, consequently, the rapid expansion of cities. The problems are resulted from the lack of an effective program and management,  in response to these issues, concepts and new approaches for future developments. The most important approaches are including approaches, electronic city, digital city, creative city, smart city, and so on. Many researches have been in relation to electronic, virtual and digital cities and smart cities in the world and in Iran, but in relation to urban intelligence management component it has been less studied.
According to Castells, after industrial revolution and the second revolution, which is a science and technology revolution, the era of the emergence of a networked and emerging information society is driven by the spread of technology and the increasing use of information and technology in all economic and social spheres and its infiltration. Faced with the lives of citizens, cities and urban spaces with different structures, the urban life mediums have undergone fundamental changes. One of the strategies for achieving smart city in the context of sustainable development is to prioritize urban management intelligence.
According to Forester, ICT management (smart governance) is the core of smart city projects. What are the most important indicators for using intelligent management? How should the executive management model of intelligent be? How should the relationship between city management and citizens be? In this regard, after determining the indices and analyzing the situation of urban management in Iran, elite panel method and MicMac software are used to analyze the problem.
Methodology
In terms of purpose, this research is an applied and developmental research, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is a quantitative. Regarding the nature of the subject, the approach used in this research is descriptive-explanatory method. In fundamental research with exploratory nature, the use of a prediction method is not sufficient; a combination of expert panel methods (Delphi) and cross-sectional matrix analysis (Micmac) have been used for this purpose. In this research, we have also used library and field methods including text reading, scanning, using tables, interviewing, expert panel questionnaire and Micmac software.
Results and discussion
Based on the direct effect matrix, the index of availability of software and hardware infrastructure in organizations has had the greatest impact on other factors. In addition to this factor, the creation of a database, the continued use of innovation in relevant organizations and institutions, the exchange of data and information between citizens - institutions and between institutions, participation of people in how to prepare, approve and implement urban plans, cooperation with technology leaders, the existence of force.
Based on this, it became clear that the existence of software and hardware infrastructure in the success of urban intelligent management is one of the key principles for achieving good urban governance. Also, the status of relations in the graph of influence indicates that the variables of designing and implementing spatial information databases, the availability of software and hardware infrastructure, and the continuity of innovation in organizations and institutions are the source of the most severe effects and increased their role in the system. The share of women's representatives in the councils, the level of political participation of citizens, and the degree of satisfaction with the transparency of the bureaucracy were also strongly influenced by other variables in the system. Therefore, it can be said that intelligent governance (governance) is defined as an approach "for Iranian cities to solve public problems through IT-based solutions based on multilateral partnership and through municipal institutions, especially the municipality”.
Conclusion
According to the findings of the research, none of the indicators have strategic and strategic status. Therefore, there is no indicator that has a strong impact and severe impact on other indicators. But in the regions of two (effective), three (independent) and four (influential) indicators are scattered. It can be said that this dispersion will be stable. Given the political, economic, social conditions, the ruling cities of our country in the near future we will not see massive changes in the field of urban management. In the end, the type of city management relationship should be identified with citizens. The type of relationship is determined by the level of technology, social strategy, current management, and access to funding, given the various aspects of city management's relationship with citizen-type citizenship to conservative management. At this level, the relationship between roughly changing and fewer changes in organizations is needed in terms of structure. Citizens will help the city's management to be more responsive and effective. In fact, at this stage, the main responsibility of the city administration is the responsibility of urban management organizations. But citizens can influence their orientation and outcomes by applying their opinions.

Keywords

References

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Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)
Volume 7, Issue 4
January 2020
Pages 743-762

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