Analysis of the spatial configuration of residential units and neighbourhoods in the historical context of Kashan city

 A B S T R A C T
Spatial organization is based on a perceptual-functional process in which the elements are logically connected and thus the knowledge of place is obtained. The morphology of the housing architecture pattern also shows the adaptation of architectural patterns based on neighborhood architecture and has led to the formation of a whole unit called neighborhood architecture. This important issue has been neglected in intermediate projects and housing has lost its connection with the neighborhood architecture. The purpose of this study is to explain the qualitative criteria for configuring the housing model with a historical context based on the center-neighborhood spatial organization. Accordingly, the research faces two main questions. What are the characteristics of the spatial organization of neighborhood centers in the historical context of Kashan? And how can the center-neighborhood provide the basis for organizing contemporary housing? The research method is qualitative. In the field of methodology, library studies and data analysis based on field study in five neighborhoods and five historical houses in Kashan have been used. The analyzes were performed in GIS and Depth Map environments. Based on the findings, the five indicators of land use distribution, distance from the center to the surrounding elements, access hierarchy, permeability and open space, have the greatest impact on housing spatial organization, with a ratio of neighborhood architecture to house architecture of 1.29, 02, respectively. / 5, 2.27, 3.61, 0.0018 and 1.38. The result shows that intermediate housing can provide the basis for organizing housing architecture in the historical context.
Extended abstract
Introduction
 The general idea of housing depicts an enclosed space limited to family relationships. In this model, family relationships and the type of physical needs are the only factors that create housing architecture. From this point of view, housing is not defined as a social organization tied to the neighborhood, and only their coexistence has caused their closeness. Center - Neighborhood as a turning point of residents 'activities on the one hand and housing as their living space, are two vital poles of neighborhood architecture and is a factor of consistency, durability and continuity of social activities and as a constructive platform for residents' relations, an important role in readability, organization and creation. The whole unit as well as the department is responsible for the architectural components of the neighborhood, especially residential architecture. The study of the architecture of historical neighborhoods shows that the establishment of residential spaces in the neighborhood, how to organize residential units and the relationship between housing and passages have been a function of the neighborhood space organization. Spatial organization, in the sense of how the components are combined with each other, is based on a perceptual-functional process in which the components and elements establish a logical connection and thus the knowledge of place is obtained. The morphology of the housing architecture pattern also shows the adaptation of architectural patterns based on neighborhood architecture and has led to the formation of a whole unit called neighborhood architecture. Therefore, the architecture of the neighborhood in historical contexts is a clear example of spatial cohesion and the connection of components with the whole. This functional space has lost its functional position and its leading role has been reduced due to urban changes, changes in lifestyle, and way of living. In recent decades, following the disintegration of the social structure of neighborhoods in the historical context of Kashan, the role of the center-neighborhood in organizing and establishing the residential sector has been neglected, and also in infill projects the relationship between housing architecture and neighborhood architecture has been lost. The purpose of this study is to explain the qualitative criteria for the configuration of the housing model with the historical context based on the center-neighborhood spatial organization, in order to provide a link between the architecture of housing and the neighborhood. Accordingly, the research faces two main questions. What are the characteristics of the spatial organization of neighborhood centers in the historical context of Kashan? And What are the indicators of spatial organization of housing in the historical context of Kashan?
 
Methodology
The Research is research. Preliminary information has been collected through library studies and in order to analyze the data, while observing and field study of the centers of historical neighborhoods of Kashan, 5 neighborhoods with the highest historical value in the center of the neighborhood and also 5 historic houses in each neighborhood have been selected. AutoCAD is drawn. Analyzes have been done in GIS and Depth Map environments on the scale of neighborhood and house architecture, which is presented in the form of tables.
 
Research findings
Although the spatial order and structure of housing architecture is a function of functional rules, on a larger scale, it is in line with the architectural rules of the neighborhood and follows the configuration and spatial order of neighborhood architecture and thus forms a whole unit Analyzes show that the organization of residential architecture based on the following five characteristics follows the rules of neighborhood architecture; 1. How to distribute and distribute land uses at the neighborhood and home scale, 2. Distance from the center to the main surrounding elements, 3. Hierarchy of access, 4. Permeability and 5. Open spaces of architectural rules the neighborhood follows; Therefore, in the housing configuration, in the index of how the spaces are distributed and distributed, the ratio of the spaces around the yard should be considered and in the index of the distance from the center to the main surrounding elements, the minimum and maximum distance of the spaces around the yard should be considered. In the index of access hierarchy, it is necessary to maintain and promote privacy, in the index of permeability, to limit or strengthen the locomotion system, and in the index of open space, the ratio of mass to open space, which in addition to organizing spatial relations has a significant impact on housing architecture. Based on the analysis, the ratio of neighborhood architecture to house architecture in the index of distribution and distribution of land uses is equal to 1.29, in the index of distance from the center to the main surrounding elements is equal to 5.02, in the index of the hierarchy of access is equal to 2.27, in the index of permeability is 61 3.0018 and in the outdoor index is equal to 1.38 that this ratio can be considered in neighborhood-scale designs.
 
Conclusion
The result shows the conformity of qualitative criteria of housing architecture configuration with neighborhood architecture. Accordingly, based on these characteristics, infill architecture can provide the basis for the optimal organization of the components of housing architecture in the historical context, and through this, the field of adaptation and connection of infill housing architecture with neighborhood architecture can be created. In response to the first question of the research, it should be said that the characteristics of the spatial organization of neighborhood centers in the historical context include five characteristics: 1- How to distribute and distribute land uses in the neighborhood, 2- Distance from the center to the main surrounding elements, And 5- It is open space that has the greatest impact on the spatial organization of neighborhood centers And in response to the second question of the research, the neighborhood-based approach can be through five components: 1. How to distribute and distribute spaces in the house 2. Distance of the center (yard) to the surrounding spaces, 3. Hierarchy of access in spaces, 4. Permeability in Spaces and 5. Open space provided the ground for organizing contemporary residential spaces and caused the adaptation of infill housing architecture with neighborhood architecture.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.