Analyzing the physical characteristics affecting the mental health of residents in low-income housing: the case study of Andisheh Town, Tabriz

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Department of Architecture and urban planning, Faculty of architecture and urban planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran

10.22059/jurbangeo.2024.377396.1948

Abstract

ABSTRACT
The low-income sections of the society have usually been neglected in terms of having desirable residential facilities. Meanwhile, environmental factors such as housing are among the most important factors affecting the mental health of residents. The current research aims to improve mental health in low-income housing. However, questions are raised about the role of housing in residents' health and how this approach can be used in the study of low-income housing. The present combined research, which is descriptive-analytical, has used the post-exploration method based on the extractive model in the target area of this study to answer this question. It collected information from the library-documentary method as well as the field method in the form of a questionnaire and conducted interviews with the residents of Andisheh town of Tabriz city. The research results indicate that improving the mental health of residents in low-income housing depends on the total physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural dimensions. These dimensions, as key factors, play a fundamental role in the planning and design of low-income housing; therefore, through the involvement of extractive dimensions in the planning and design of low-income housing, we will witness a positive and effective trend in the mental health of residents, especially in the housing of vulnerable groups.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The low-income sections of the society are usually neglected in terms of having desirable residential facilities. This is despite the fact that the impact of environmental factors such as housing is one of the most important factors affecting the mental health of residents. Due to the vast expansion of Tabriz city, the need of low-income groups for housing has become more noticeable, and in the meantime, in the houses available for the low-income group, not much attention has been paid to the mental health aspects of the residents. Therefore, according to the necessity and importance of the mental health of low-income housing residents, this research aims to find the components and physical indicators of housing that affect the mental health of low-income housing residents. Thus, the current research seeks to answer the following question:
- What are the components of low-income housing design that improve the mental health of residents?
 
Methodology
The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is applied-theoretical for urban management. In order to collect information, the library-documentary method and the field method in the form of questionnaires and interviews with the residents of Andisheh town of Tabriz city were used. The purpose of the research is to determine the variables affecting the physical component of the housing on the mental health of low-income housing residents, and in order to achieve the purpose of the study, the research method is the post-exploration method based on the extractive model that has been carried out within the scope of the study. In this way, first, the dimensions, components, and physical measures of the housing were extracted along with the dimensions of mental health, and then, in the scope of the study, it was tested by preparing a questionnaire from the extracted model through the residents of the low-income housing, so that finally the main proposal was presented. The statistical population of this research was composed of people who lived in Andisheh town. This town has a population of over 50,000 people, and among these people, 381 people were selected using Cochran's formula (p=0.5, p=0.5) and based on a preliminary study and through random sampling. The statistical analysis of the collected research data includes two inferential and descriptive fields. Inferential statistics is obtained through estimates for some statistical indicators, such as the average of the studied items, which is based on the theories in statistics, as a suitable estimate of this parameter in society. In the field of descriptive statistics, frequency tables and images of the studied community are described through graphs and central and dispersion indicators in statistics. Based on the objectives of the research in order to analyze the convergent validity of the structures, the reliability analysis of the structures and the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability coefficient (CR), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were calculated for all research components and the factor loadings of the questions in each of the components were analyzed in terms of size and significance, and the HTMT index was used to examine the validity and variance related to the research constructs. In addition, the normality of the probability distribution of the research variables has been evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test. A one-sided t-test was used to check the desirability of variables with normal distribution. IBM statistical software, SPSS Statistics version 26, Smart PLS version 3, and Minitab version 17 have been used in this research.
 
Results and discussion
According to the research question regarding the examination of the design components of low-income housing to improve the mental health of the residents, it can be said that the six components of the research are effective in improving the mental health of the residents. Therefore, all the physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural components have been considered as components of low-income housing design to improve the residents' mental health. The physical component, valued at 0.833, is more significant than the others. Among the remaining components, the economic component, with a value of 0.776, has a more influential share than other components.
 
Conclusion
The research results indicate that improving the mental health of residents in low-income housing depends on the total of the mentioned dimensions, including physical, environmental, economic, social, functional, and structural. These dimensions, as key factors, play a fundamental role in the planning and design of low-income housing; therefore, through the involvement of extractive dimensions in the planning and design of low-income housing, we will witness a positive and effective trend in the mental health of residents, especially in the housing of vulnerable groups. Thus, it is hoped that the relevant stakeholders will prioritize the effective dimensions and the expansion of these components in their programs to take a step toward improving the mental health of the vulnerable group.
 
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Keywords

References

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Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR)
Volume 13, Issue 1
April 2025
Pages 1-18

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