Geographical analysis of objective and subjective indicators of Dezful urban green space development with livability approach

ABSTRACT
Urban green space, as one of the key elements in urban design and planning, plays a vital role in improving the quality of life of citizens and maintaining environmental health. Therefore, this article aims to geographically analyze the objective and subjective indicators of the development of urban green space in Dezful with a livability approach. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature with a survey approach. Two library and field (questioning) methods were used to collect data and information. The qualitative Delphi method was used to collect data and information in field studies. In analyzing the findings of this study, the ARS model was used to determine the importance of objective and subjective indicators, and the statistical techniques of variance-based structural equation modeling and covariance-based structural equation modeling were used to determine the relationships between effects. Finally, Kriging zoning was used for geographical analysis in the three regions. The results show that the diversity of types of parks and gardens, with a score of 23 and an average rank of 2.3, the total number of public parks and gardens in the city, with a score of 31 and an average rank of 3.1, and the total area of public parks and gardens, with a score of 42 and an average rank of 4.2 are in the first to third ranks. Objective indicators of green space development in Dezful explain 76% of the variance of the livability variable. Thus, the research hypothesis that the development of objective indicators affects the improvement of Dezful's livability is confirmed. Also, the results of the geographical analysis show that the largest area is in the medium range.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
By examining the objective and subjective indicators of green space development in Dezful, we can identify strategies in this field and provide solutions for future sustainable development of green space. Also, this analysis helps us understand the spatial relationships between indicators and identify points that are conducive to green space development. Therefore, this research aims to geographically analyze the objective and subjective indicators of urban green space development in Dezful with a livability approach. This study examines how these indicators affect the quality of life of residents and the promotion of urban livability. It seeks to answer the following question:
 -How do the objective and subjective indicators of green space development in Dezful affect urban livability?
 
Methodology
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature with a survey approach. Two methods, library and field (questionnaire), were used to collect data and information. The qualitative Delphi method was used to collect data and information in field studies. The Delphi group members, 20 people, were selected from among academic and executive experts related to the sciences and professions of urban management, urban planning, and urban development from public universities in Dezful and the municipality through the expert method and searching for their educational and professional backgrounds in cyberspace. After the Delphi group was formed, the desired items were extracted from the theoretical backgrounds and foundations of this study, and the initial questions (questionnaire) were prepared based on them and sent to the group members via e-mail. The process of obtaining the open self, modifying the criteria and questions, and obtaining a final agreement (adaptation of answers) was carried out in four steps. In analyzing the findings of this study, the Marcus model was used to determine the importance of objective and subjective indicators. The Marcus model is a decision-making model that, due to multi-step analyses and the combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators, is one of the main features of this model. Also, comparing criteria with options can more accurately analyze the different dimensions of objective and subjective indicators of green space development in the three regions of Dezful city. The statistical techniques of variance-based structural equation modeling and covariance-based structural equivalent modeling were used to determine the relationships of effects. Finally, Kriging zoning was used to analyze objective and subjective indicators in the three regions geographically.
 
Results and discussion
The results show that the diversity of types of parks and gardens, with a score of 23 and an average rank of 2.3, the total number of public parks and gardens in the city, with a score of 31 and an average rank of 3.1, and the total area of public parks and gardens with a score of 42 and an average rank of 4.2 are in the first to third ranks. Objective indicators of green space development in Dezful explain 76% of the variance of the livability variable. Therefore, the research hypothesis that the development of objective indicators affects the improvement of Dezful's livability is confirmed. Also, the results of the geographical analysis show that the largest area is in the medium range.
 
Conclusion
In short, for the development of urban green space in Dezful, it is suggested that, based on objective indicators, the area of green space should be increased, its spatial distribution should be improved, citizens' access to green spaces should be increased, and the quality of green spaces should be improved. Also, based on subjective indicators, citizens' needs should be identified, and public awareness should be increased; the needs of youth should be paid attention to, and cooperation between scientific institutions and responsible organizations should be strengthened. It is also suggested that the next researcher investigate the issue of "Comprehensive analysis of the impact of urban green spaces on vitality and quality of life in Dezful, a multidimensional approach including economic, social, and ecological dimensions." This research can examine how green spaces affect urban life and analyze the relationships between objective and subjective indicators of livability, quality of life, and social vitality.
 
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.