The Effect of Physical Capacities on the Place Attachment from the View of Teenagers in Tehran

Introduction
This essay embarks on a research about the effects of community capacities on certain selected districts in the city of Tehran. The urban space can be created based on different patterns of people in the various places and neighborhoods. Another option would be an urban space as seen from the perspective of those who understand different cities based on their mental capacity. In this way, the same number of people and different understanding of urban space was seen. The method of this research has been an analytical and dialectic process.
Methodology 
This study has been concluded with distribution of 475 application forms, field and district observation, and oral interviews with teenagers between 12 and 16 years old, from certain districts such as Elahieh in district 1, Narmak in district 8, Hashemi in district 10 and Yaftabad in district 17. It is necessary to mentioned that all these districts were chosen in an analytical and systematic way. The major goal of this research has been the dialectic evaluation of the factors existing or could be created between community capacities and the place attachment for the certain sample districts. To creat pyscial capacity, 16 questions were asked. To investigate the effects of the independent variable component (Physical capacity) on independet variable (place attachment), we used Stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Results and Discussion 
Just 11.2 percent of teenagers have positive evalution of the pyscial capacity of their local area. About 79.8 percent have medium evaluation and 9.1 percent have negative assessment. Average evaluation of the respondents is ranged from 0 to 100 and equal to 50.2, i.e., approximately equal to the midpoint of the range. The greatest average from the questions of the pysical capacity is related to neighborhood crowding and the lowest average is related to harmful insects and vermin and refer to Game-net and coffee-net. In this paper, place attachment index and pysical capacity of the four districts were studied separately. To that end the Parametric F test (One-way analysis of variance) and also Tukey test (significant differnece) were utilized to cluster the selected neighborhoods and to ansewer the question that; which of the neighborhoods from the index review are either similar to each other or different from each other. In all the variables of the community capacity index (the residential properties, environment recognition, annoying use and activities, environmental features and local features) there was a significant difference between the studied neighborhoods. Tukey test results show that from the component of residential properties, Hashemi District is located in one cluster and other districts are located in other clusters. Therefore, the teenagers of three districts such as Narmak, Elahiye and Yaftabad compared with those of Hashemi District have significantly better living conditions from the point of residential properties. from the point of environment recognition, Hashemi and Yaftabad districts are in one clutser and, narmak and Elahyieh districts are in the other different clusters. Hence, the teenagers of Elayieh compared with those of Narmak have the better recogniton of the environment. From the point of annoying use and activities, Hashemi and Yaftabad districts is located in one clutser and Narmak and Elahyieh district in another cluster. Thus, the teenagers of Elayieh and Narmak districts in comparison with those of Hashemi and Yaftabad have the lowest annoying use and activities. From the point of environmental features, Hashemi and Yaftabad districts are located in one clutser. On the other side, Yaftabad and Narmak distritcs are formed in other cluster and finally the Narmak and Elahiye districts can be placed in one cluster. From the point of local features, Hashemi district along with Elayihe and Narmak districts are located in one clutster and Narmak and Yaftabad districts are formed in other clutster. In general, the results of Tukey test indicates that Hashemi district is located in one cluster, Yaftabad and Narmak districts in other cluster and from the other side, Narmak and Elayieh district can also be formed one cluster. Therefore, Hashemi district has the lowest capacity for community capacities among all other districts and at the same time the Elahye District has the highest level of potential for community capacities. In order to evaluate the variables; the Pierson associative parameter is utilized. This factor for the correlation between physical capacity variable and attachment index is equal to 0.514. This value suggests a strong correlation between the two variables. In other words, if the physical capacity is high, the attachment of teenagers to place will be increased. Among the components of pysical capacity, environment recognition factor has the highest correlation with the place attachment variable. Pierson associative parameter is 0.564 that shows the strong correlation between the two variables. Except the variable of annoying use and activities, other factors are positively correlated with the place attachment variable. Given that a significant amount of all components is less than 0.05, the correlations observed in the sample with 5% maximum error can be generalized to the target population.
Conclusion 
The regressive analytic process indicates that all three components of pysical capacities (environment cognition, local possibilities and environmental characteristics) with the place attachment variable has strong multiple correlation. All three components of the analysis for physical capacities are clarifying the place attachment variable. This is in association with F test, all the affiliation variables and clarification variables are decipherable and could be generalized based on the statistics.