Pathology of integrated urban management with emphasis on the role of spatial data infrastructure The Case study Sanandaj city

System based on spatial data infrastructure, such as Web-based GIS, by integrating and classifying all urban information, provide users with access to them at any time and place for quick, accurate and coordinated planning and decision-making of the urban management complex with the maximum participation of citizens. The main goal of this research is to identify the weaknesses of the information mechanisms of the Sanandaj urban management complex and provide practical solutions to solve them by using the Web-based GIS capabilities based on the spatial data infrastructure (SDI). This research is of an applied type and the research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and its statistics and information are obtained through field (interview) and library methods. The statistical population of the research is managers and employees of Sanandaj urban management institutions. And its statistical samples were selected from specialists and employees related to the field of spatial information (25 people). The necessary information was collected using the interview tool, and the coding method (open, central, selective) was used for their analysis. The results of the research show the information poverty of all the institutions and the inter-departmental, trans-departmental and organizational information conflict between them, the lack of information healing at different levels and the island approach to information and weak governance as a result of the lack of proper infrastructure for their classification. Considering the challenges and potentials of this field, the location-based information system has been designed at both public and organizational levels and using Web-based GIS capabilities. Its implementation shows that it can be justified from an economic point of view and reduce the rework costs of organizations, to fix or improve. The mentioned problems result
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The increasing development of urbanization is one of the prominent features of social life in the present era, which accordingly, the urban management has been evolved due to the rapid changes and developments of cities and problems of different parts such as: transportation, infrastructure, land use, density, services and etc.
it has been pathologized from different aspects of political, social, infrastructure, administrative, legal and etc as one of the most important factors affecting the organization of urban problems over the past few decades which integrated management has always been a response to current problems. however, the role of reference spatial data and its infrastructure has not been much considered.
Therefore, identifying the weaknesses of Sanandaj urban management information mechanisms and providing practical solutions to solve them by using Web GIS capabilities in the framework of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is the  main focus of this study.
 
Methodology
The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and statistics and data have been obtained through survey methods. The statistical population of the study includes managers and staffs of Sanandaj urban management systems and statistical samples were selected from experts and staff related to the field of spatial data (25 people). survey method (interview) and library research have been used to collect data and they have been analyzed in Nvivo12 software by coding method (open, axial, selective).
The data used in this study are satellite images and Google online services, the central texture audit map of the city, the roads layer and the boundary of Sanandaj.
also, the following software are used to implement spatial data infrastructure using Web GIS: PostgreSQL11 has been used to design database model, data analysis and user's registration, Visual Studio 2018 has been used to write Python, Java Script, Html, Css and C# codes, PostGis has been used to enter spatial data into the database,
Results and discussion
If integrated management structure of Sanandaj was considered as a triangle, the three vertices are citizens, data and organizations which there are defined relationships between. The reference spatial data plays an essential and undeniable role in this cycle. In this regard, specialized interviews have been conducted around the following items in order to investigating their challenges and potentials in each of the cases discussed, as described below: In the first step, the data-service infrastructure of urban management with related organizations was investigated, in order to identify the current communication infrastructure, how and how much they are used, systems , public and basic data that are available to citizens and Online services and problems in this field. then, the communication structure between urban management organizations and how to exchange and categorize data within each organization and among its different departments emphasising on the knowledge of employees and current tools were reviewed. in the second step, the way organizations exchange information with each other in urban plans and projects, the data structure within each organization and how to share urban data in order to identify problems in this field from the perspective of managers and their solutions and were reviewed .also, in the third step, the access and transparency of data among the departments of an organization and the communication of organizations with each other emphasising on the role of the mentioned items in the coordination of planning and decisions of city managers was examined. finally, while reviewing the costs allocated by various organizations to the field of information technology per year, these costs and Their response to solving urban management problems was assessed. and the question has been asked why spatial data systems have not been used to integrate information and urban services into sanandaj urban management structure so far? The results of interview analysis indicate the lack of updated and classified information at different levels of sanandaj urban management devices. From the perspective of experts and senior managers, intersectoral lack of informationin of organizations is the most important factor of disharmony in this structure. considering the priority of the municipality to create and develop online platforms and reference of spatial data of the city, the public information system of spatial reference based on municipal information and services has been designed in order to create a suitable platform to citizen participation in decision making and planning from the point of view of urban management devices .and the spatial data systems is designed to create a standard framework in order to classify spatial data with defined access and resolving the mentioned problems.
 
Conclusion
The results of spatial data infrastructure implementation using Web GIS show that in addition to being economically justifiable ,it can be a fundamental change in the structure of urban management and solve problems such as: resolve sectoral, cross-sectoral and organizational data conflict, facilitate the communication and sharing of reference spatial data between different organizations and departments, transparency in access to each urban reference spatial data, Set a specific framework in the classification of spatial data ,easy to use for staff and managers with low knowledge of computer systems, accessability of spatial data in anywhere and anytime, Modeling based on available data and assisting managers and planners in making decisions, Reduction of intersectoral , inter-organizational and citizen-based referrals, quick access to archives of previous plans and studies, and analyzing statistics Managers' access to up-to-date data , reduce the costs of organizations in data classifying, get rid of need to experts with reference data.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.