Patterning a decent urban governance model in the spatial-political dimensions of the Tehran Metropolis

A B S T R A C T
The growth of Tehran's urbanization is a political-spatial phenomenon, which should be considered a suitable model considering the goal of providing a suitable model of urban cooperation in the spatial-political dimension of the city. According to the indicators of good urban governance, justice and participation can move as fundamental factors in the direction of the progress and justice of the urban space. The research method to answer the main question is a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative). Data was collected using a combined method (library and field), and SPSS software was exploited to analyze the research data. Also, a questionnaire completed by experts in the urban area was used to find a pattern of urban governance. These data were evaluated using the Likert scale, and eventually, one-sample t-tests and factor analysis methods were exerted. The results show that among the indicators, justice, equality, and participation in Tehran are better than other indicators. The indicators of transparency, law-oriented, and accountability are evaluated below the average level from the experts' point of view. Therefore, they need to be in better condition. Finally, the model of good urban governance can be a new theory in responding to new expectations and responsibilities and a suitable management document for the authorities, with the help of which they can achieve sustainable urban development.
Extended abstract
Introduction
The performance of urban governance institutions has a direct impact on the equitable allocation and distribution of resources, the city economy and the promotion of the political level of urban settlements. Municipalities in developed countries use a component called citizen participation to solve urban problems in order for their citizens to live better. Efforts have been made in this field in Iran, but it is not enough. Tehran is one of the cities that wants to involve citizens in solving urban problems. Despite efforts to establish good governance instead of governance, the city of Tehran is facing a challenge in which the people have not found a role. The researcher seeks to; What solution should the municipality of Tehran take that the level of participation is such that it is formed as a model of proper urban governance to solve most of Tehran's urban problems by looking down. The low-to-high distribution of power in the political space of Tehran causes the components of decent urban governance, including rule of law, accountability, transparency, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, agreement orientation, justice and strategic vision, to be implemented, which are the most important. Its component is the participation of the people in solving urban problems, which will ultimately lead to the creation of space-political justice in Tehran. The geographical space of the country is governed by a centralized political and administrative structure. The solution to this problem in the hands of decent urban governance in connection with the proper spatial distribution of power is to organize the urban political space of Tehran in such a way that it is governed according to the principles of a proper model of decent urban governance. The role of proper spatial distribution of power in eliminating vulnerabilities in the urban scale and the local scale of Tehran is undeniable. By providing a suitable model for proper urban governance, the appropriate spatial distribution of power in the city of Tehran in order to create urban spatial justice and distribution of facilities in the theoretical framework of Lefebvre space is proposed. It is appropriate to use the framework of Lefebvre's theory of space, and then the appropriate model of decent governance in Tehran for proper spatial distribution of power will be presented with the help of the meta-combined method. Is the pattern appropriate?
 Methodology:
In this study, using Cochran's formula, the sample size has been determined. The required sample size for the statistical population of Tehran with a population of 8737510 million; 384 people, which has been increased to 400 for more validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated using SPSS software, so after distributing 400 questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha value was obtained. The collected data were evaluated using the Likert scale. Eventually; Data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test and factor analysis. Then, the appropriate model of proper governance of Tehran with the help of meta-combined method and using process modeling based on Lefebvre theory of space is presented.
 Results and discussion:
Combining an expanded and stable system with a growth governance model based on Henri Lefebvre's theory of space. The model presented in the research is based on Lefebvre's theory, in which Lefebvre considers space as a social space that expresses the concept of space; We need real space, discourse space and living space is the result of people's lived experience in the city, so the complete concept of space is obtained by combining these three concepts of space. By combining the growth governance model with an expanded and stable system, a model is provided that will lead to popular participation and fair distribution of facilities in the urban space of Tehran. Growth governance model; It has pragmatic, consensual, partnership, interactive, proprietary, business and growth components. Accordingly, in an expanded and stable system, the process and performance move towards equilibrium, and this issue guarantees the expansion of stability and stability and political-economic-cultural and spatial balance of the system. In this case, the input and output of the system does not decrease. Conversely, the input and output of the urban system increases and the system moves towards stability. In contrast to the centralized pattern and simple structure; In the context of change in the structure of the land in which spatial management is formed in the context of its mechanisms. Due to the fact that they operate in contractile systems, the input and output of the system as well as the relationship of the system with other political systems are reduced, usually the system moves to an imbalance in a contractile operation, and this was not It moves the balance of the system towards death and extinction. Finally, the pattern obtained from our research; A model called the Partnership-Based Expanded Decent Urban Governance Model that can best implement the criteria of decent urban governance because it is only possible to develop an expanded system based on popular participation to the urban system of Tehran's urban space. Establish spatial-political justice in Tehran.
Conclusion:
In fact, this study is an attempt to examine the status of indicators of good governance in Tehran, which has been completed by a questionnaire and its presentation to intellectuals in Tehran, which reflects the level of indicators of good governance in Tehran. It should also be noted that the study of indicators and the achievement of the above result is based on Lefebvre theory. Among the indicators related to good governance, justice and equality and participation in the city of Tehran, it shows a better situation than other indicators, and the indicators of transparency, law-based and accountability are rated lower than average from the people's point of view. These directions are not in good condition. Finally, the model of competent urban governance can be a new theory in responding to new expectations and responsibilities and a suitable and accessible management document for the officials of Tehran metropolis, which gives them the ability to achieve sustainable urban development.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
Extended abstract
Introduction
The performance of urban governance institutions has a direct impact on the equitable allocation and distribution of resources, the city economy and the promotion of the political level of urban settlements. Municipalities in developed countries use a component called citizen participation to solve urban problems in order for their citizens to live better. Efforts have been made in this field in Iran, but it is not enough. Tehran is one of the cities that wants to involve citizens in solving urban problems. Despite efforts to establish good governance instead of governance, the city of Tehran is facing a challenge in which the people have not found a role. The researcher seeks to; What solution should the municipality of Tehran take that the level of participation is such that it is formed as a model of proper urban governance to solve most of Tehran's urban problems by looking down. The low-to-high distribution of power in the political space of Tehran causes the components of decent urban governance, including rule of law, accountability, transparency, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, agreement orientation, justice and strategic vision, to be implemented, which are the most important. Its component is the participation of the people in solving urban problems, which will ultimately lead to the creation of space-political justice in Tehran. The geographical space of the country is governed by a centralized political and administrative structure. The solution to this problem in the hands of decent urban governance in connection with the proper spatial distribution of power is to organize the urban political space of Tehran in such a way that it is governed according to the principles of a proper model of decent urban governance. The role of proper spatial distribution of power in eliminating vulnerabilities in the urban scale and the local scale of Tehran is undeniable. By providing a suitable model for proper urban governance, the appropriate spatial distribution of power in the city of Tehran in order to create urban spatial justice and distribution of facilities in the theoretical framework of Lefebvre space is proposed. It is appropriate to use the framework of Lefebvre's theory of space, and then the appropriate model of decent governance in Tehran for proper spatial distribution of power will be presented with the help of the meta-combined method. Is the pattern appropriate?
 Methodology:
In this study, using Cochran's formula, the sample size has been determined. The required sample size for the statistical population of Tehran with a population of 8737510 million; 384 people, which has been increased to 400 for more validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated using SPSS software, so after distributing 400 questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha value was obtained. The collected data were evaluated using the Likert scale. Eventually; Data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test and factor analysis. Then, the appropriate model of proper governance of Tehran with the help of meta-combined method and using process modeling based on Lefebvre theory of space is presented.
 Results and discussion:
Combining an expanded and stable system with a growth governance model based on Henri Lefebvre's theory of space. The model presented in the research is based on Lefebvre's theory, in which Lefebvre considers space as a social space that expresses the concept of space; We need real space, discourse space and living space is the result of people's lived experience in the city, so the complete concept of space is obtained by combining these three concepts of space. By combining the growth governance model with an expanded and stable system, a model is provided that will lead to popular participation and fair distribution of facilities in the urban space of Tehran. Growth governance model; It has pragmatic, consensual, partnership, interactive, proprietary, business and growth components. Accordingly, in an expanded and stable system, the process and performance move towards equilibrium, and this issue guarantees the expansion of stability and stability and political-economic-cultural and spatial balance of the system. In this case, the input and output of the system does not decrease. Conversely, the input and output of the urban system increases and the system moves towards stability. In contrast to the centralized pattern and simple structure; In the context of change in the structure of the land in which spatial management is formed in the context of its mechanisms. Due to the fact that they operate in contractile systems, the input and output of the system as well as the relationship of the system with other political systems are reduced, usually the system moves to an imbalance in a contractile operation, and this was not It moves the balance of the system towards death and extinction. Finally, the pattern obtained from our research; A model called the Partnership-Based Expanded Decent Urban Governance Model that can best implement the criteria of decent urban governance because it is only possible to develop an expanded system based on popular participation to the urban system of Tehran's urban space. Establish spatial-political justice in Tehran.
Conclusion:
In fact, this study is an attempt to examine the status of indicators of good governance in Tehran, which has been completed by a questionnaire and its presentation to intellectuals in Tehran, which reflects the level of indicators of good governance in Tehran. It should also be noted that the study of indicators and the achievement of the above result is based on Lefebvre theory. Among the indicators related to good governance, justice and equality and participation in the city of Tehran, it shows a better situation than other indicators, and the indicators of transparency, law-based and accountability are rated lower than average from the people's point of view. These directions are not in good condition. Finally, the model of competent urban governance can be a new theory in responding to new expectations and responsibilities and a suitable and accessible management document for the officials of Tehran metropolis, which gives them the ability to achieve sustainable urban development.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.