Explaining the Current Pattern and Presenting the Optimal Model of Urban Governance in Jiroft City

ABSTRACT
Scientific evaluation is one of the significant factors that influence the effectiveness of urban management. Jiroft, like many other cities in Iran, doesn't have a written history of planning based on scientific evaluations. This matter has led to deficiencies in the full recognition and understanding of the citizens' needs and their satisfaction by managers. In response to this need, with a systematic approach and field method using an electronic questionnaire, this research studied and explained the current pattern of urban management in Jiroft with the ultimate goal of providing an optimal model of urban governance within this city. The research findings showed that the urban management model in Jiroft is inefficient with low effectiveness. Analytical findings also showed that the evaluation of the urban management model is influenced by three factors such as problems related to services and facilities in the living area, safety and feeling of security in urban areas, and citizens' participation in urban management. Citizens' assessment of the urban management model has positively affected their desire to migrate from the neighborhood/city, with the opposite effect, on the sense of belonging and pride in the neighborhood and the desire to invest in the neighborhood/city. ‏According to the findings, the following measures should be taken to achieve the optimal model of urban governance in Jiroft through the plans, views, and approaches should be ongoing in charge of commitment to the principles such as "fair distribution and provision of services and facilities in urban areas," "cooperation with entrepreneurs," "financial clarification," "creative plan for urban development," "interaction and empathy of city managers," "responding to people's problems and needs.".
 
Extended Abstract
‏Introduction
‏Scientific evaluation is one of the significant factors that influence the effectiveness of urban management. Jiroft, like many other cities in Iran, doesn't have a written history of planning based on scientific evaluations. This matter has led to deficiencies in the full recognition and understanding of the citizens' needs and their satisfaction by managers. In response to this need, this research studied and explained the current pattern of urban management in the city of Jiroft to provide an optimal model of urban governance within this city. This research has benefited from explanatory and enlightening theoretical literature on urban management, good urban governance, services, needs assessment and satisfaction, evaluation, urban participation, and smart city. According to the research questions, in the research theoretical model, the influencing and explanatory factors of the urban management model, including "use of services and facilities," "problems related to services and facilities in the neighborhood," "evaluation of safety and security in the neighborhood," "evaluation of citizens' participation in urban management"; and effective factors of the urban management model, including "tendency to migrate from the neighborhood/city," "feeling of place attachment and pride in the neighborhood of life," "tendency to invest in the neighborhood/city" were studied and analyzed with a systematic approach.
 
‏Methodology
‏The monitoring method with subjective evaluation of the beneficiaries using a structured electronic questionnaire has been used on the platform of the Digi form website. Also, in terms of the nature of evaluation and the plurality of institutions and organizations involved in urban management, it is limited to the evaluation of the components of the overall urban management that are related to the duties of the municipality and city council, the evaluation of other components of urban management in the field of other services urban institutions and organizations, have been measured as influencing factors on the evaluation of urban management. The content validity technique was used to ensure the validity of the research tools; the reliability test results show the main conceptual constructions' high reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, above 0.7). Data was collected by the participation of citizens aged 15 years and older living in the city of Jiroft who actively use social media. The sample size was determined to be 310. In order to analyze data with an urban planning approach, the scope of citizens' lives based on criteria such as neighborhood and physical similarity of living quarters, availability of services and facilities, type of social structure, etc., were categorized into 12 specific urban areas.
 
Results and discussion
‏The descriptive findings of the research showed that the urban management model in Jiroft is inefficient with low effectiveness. Analytical findings also showed that the evaluation of urban management model is influenced by three factors as problems related to services and facilities in the living area, safety and feeling security in urban areas, and citizens' participation in urban management. Citizens' assessment of the urban management model has positively affected their desire to migrate from the neighborhood/city, with the opposite effect on the sense of belonging and pride in the neighborhood and the desire to invest in the neighborhood/city. These findings are in line with previous studies in this field.
 
‏Conclusion
‏According to the findings, the following measures should be taken to achieve the optimal model of urban governance in Jiroft:
‏1) Through the plans, views, and approaches of experts and organizations should be ongoing in charge of commitment to the principles such as "fair distribution and provision of services and facilities in urban areas," "cooperation with entrepreneurs and those who are trying to start or develop a job," "clarification and maintaining financial health," "creative plan and program for urban development," "interaction and empathy of city council and municipality members," "responding to people's problems and needs." Moreover, in addition to this matter, creating a scientific center for evaluation and monitoring the urban management plans to achieve good urban governance.
‏2) Plan-based action and formulation of strategic plan in different areas of urban management.
‏3) Revision of land use in the city and suburbs.
‏4) Interact and coordinate with law enforcement and security institutions to improve physical-spatial indicators affecting social security and safety in urban areas.
‏5) Any plan/project and change in the design of city roads should consider reducing the interference of pedestrian traffic with vehicles and reducing the traffic of motor vehicles in residential contexts.
‏6) Necessary actions and programs to increase the sense of place attachment and pride in the neighborhood as one of the components of the urban management system among the citizens.
‏7) Creating and developing platforms for achieving human and financial capital. Apart from physical acts and plans, this requires managing the psychological atmosphere that governs the society and strengthening the sense of pride in the assets of the city where one lives.
‏8) While promoting a sense of security in the city, it provided investment platforms for entrepreneurs and their participation, preventing capital from leaving the city.
‏9) Finally, in order to achieve a good model of urban governance in this city, we should:
‏a. While presenting creative plans, responding to needs, etc.
‏b. To provide platforms, contexts, and incentives for citizens' participation.
‏c. Providing platforms and facilitating entrepreneurship for economic dynamism with a new look and plan.
‏d. Financial and administrative transparency and removal of corruption platforms in urban management using smart city management capacities.
‏e. Balanced distribution of services and facilities in the city according to the priority problems of the city or neighborhood.
‏f. Adoption of mechanisms among city managers for consensus and empathy in advancing organizational goals, regardless of personal preferences (thoughtful and knowledge-based opinion should be replaced instead of personal and group opinion).
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific.