Investigating the Role of Urban Spatial Elements on the Pedestrian Capability of Distance between the Axis of Tajrish-Ghods Field

ABSTRACT
Expanding the presence of cars in cities and the problems associated with their presence have reduced the satisfaction and quality of life of urban residents. Unfortunately, most of the passageways that form the element of urban texture are designed for car use, and paying attention to pedestrian traffic is their second priority. Lack of attention to pedestrians reduces social interactions and ultimately vitality in cities. The distance between Tajrish Square and Quds Square, which is the case study in this study, has affected the valuable elements of its surroundings due to the high traffic, while the varied construction due to the high price of land in the area and the construction of passages and Residential complexes have increasingly influenced the face of the axle. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban spatial elements on the pedestrian capability of the distance between Tajrish-Ghods Square to identify the most important factors affecting the Orbital capability of a single axis. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. According to different evaluations in this study, it was concluded that the comfort and Convenience index variables are the most important factors affecting the pedestrian capability of a single axis as well as a successful spatial pedestrian urban space that can be selected with high diversity, Provide comfort, convenience, and security to the residents, the body and the right form, a good mental image and a good sense of belonging and access
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Expanding the presence of cars in cities and the problems associated with their presence have reduced the satisfaction and quality of life of urban residents. Unfortunately, most of the passageways that form the element of urban texture are designed for car use, and paying attention to pedestrian traffic is their second priority. Lack of attention to pedestrians reduces social interactions and ultimately vitality in cities. According to studies by the Association of Urban Planners, the world's urban population is growing unbelievably. One way to bring vitality back to the cities is to pave the way for some urban passages. In recent years, pedestrianization and increased pedestrian capability have been accepted by many urban planners as a sustainable form of the city due to the concept of a sustainable city, compact city, smart growth and paying attention to pedestrians to reduce car congestion and usually in the busy city centre and deal with issues such as business, security, quality of life, vitality, etc. Environmental performance and human well-being are generally considered. Pedestrian discussion involves principles that are rooted in defining its related components to obtain appropriate indicators for field studies and research. Tajrish Square and its surrounding areas are of great importance given the historical age and presence of different social groups and different urban spaces including residential, economic, transportation, and leisure. In addition, valuable cross-regional elements such as the Darband Mountaineering and Sports Complex, Tajrish Bazaar, Imamzadeh Saleh and other elements add to the importance of paying attention to the pedestrian axis. Currently, the intersection of Tajrish Square with Quds Square, which connects the two important north-north axes of Tehran, Valiasr and Shariati Streets, has affected valuable elements around it due to high traffic. In contrast, building and Due to the high cost of land in the area and the construction of passages and residential complexes, the variety of instruments has increasingly affected the face of the axle. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban spatial elements on the pedestrian capability of the distance between Tajrish-Ghods Square to identify the most important factors affecting the Orbital capability of a single axis.
 
Methodology
The method of this research is analytical-descriptive. The research is of a library and qualitative type, with the theoretical part by reading books, documents, theses and numerous articles, and the quantitative part by using field observation by setting up a Likert scale questionnaire to collect information. The statistical population in this research includes people who are engaged in activities and trade and citizens who have residential units in the area, which are a total of 2853 people, according to Cochran's formula, the number of samples using simple random method is equal to 562 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of five professors of urban planning, and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method, which is equal to 0.723.
 
Results and discussion
By upgrading the accessibility variables we can arrange the spatial elements in the pedestrian direction from Tajrish Square to Quds Square. The accessibility index is well within the range of 3.1. Most points have access to public transport stations within range. In general, the accessibility index has a moderate status in the area. According to the researcher, the current terminal position in the area is in trouble and has caused environmental pollution. The municipal street is better off the sidewalk. Electric trams can also be used.

Upgrading the comfort and convenience variables, one can arrange the spatial elements in the orbital direction of Tajrish Square to Quds Square. The Comfort Index is in a good range with an average of 3.13. The highest score is also the brightness of the range. Overall, the comfort and convenience index are in the moderate range. Disruptive applications can be eliminated from this area, as well as insecurity at night, which can be partially solved by day-to-day activities such as offices and pharmacies.

Subjective variables can be arranged to accommodate spatial elements in the pedestrian direction from Tajrish Square to Quds Square. The mental index is in a good range with an average of 3.04. Most of the points are also given the presence of indicator elements and urban landmarks in the area and are not in a good state of mind. Overall, according to the subjective index, there is a moderate situation.

Spatial elements can be arranged in the orbital direction of Tajrish Square to Qods Square through form and body variables. Form & Body Index is in good range with an average of 3.07. The biggest advantage is also the variety of land uses in the area which is poor in terms of forecasting open spaces. Overall, according to the table above, the shape index and body index are in the moderate range. We need the criteria for facial expressions to fit the look. Preserving the landscape of the Alborz Mountains, changing the shape for greater dynamics, and creating tall buildings can help improve field conditions.

 
Conclusion
Overall, according to the research conducted and based on the guiding theory presented in the research, "urban space is a pedestrian- centred space that can accommodate diversity with high choice, comfort and safety of residents, proper body and form, good mental image and It is designed to promote a sense of belonging and accessibility and ultimately provide citizens with a high environmental quality.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.