This research examines the obstacles and challenges in the overall management of Tehran City in the shadow of laws and regulations. In the qualitative section of the research, theoretical sampling using purposeful and snowball judgment techniques has been employed. The theoretical sampling method has been carefully studied to ensure a thorough understanding of the content. The sample size for interviews includes 20 officials from various districts of the municipality. Ultimately, five main obstacles were identified: "Lack of a comprehensive urban management law," "Perception of misconduct instead of criminalization," "Discrepancy between the scope of authorities and responsibilities of urban officials," "Failure to identify interactive mechanisms between urban governance units," and "Informal and temporary legal guidelines." In the governance of Iranian cities, the absence of comprehensive and clear laws, non-enforcement of laws, and the lack of a comprehensive supervisory system disrupt decision-making and reduce the optimal performance of urban officials. This leads to increased inequality and conflicts between institutions and organizations. To address these issues, establishing a comprehensive supervisory system, capacity-building, and creating transparent and comprehensive laws are essential. In cities where urban governance operates cohesively, the collaboration and coordination of sub-organizations play a significant role in the sustainability and development of cities.