Explaining the Design Components of Residential Complexes Based on Responding to the Need for Self-Actualization the Case Study A Mabaas, Jannat, Modarres, Booali and Derak residential Complexes in Shiraz

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, when societies are moving towards industrialization, it seems that the psychological dimensions of humans are disregarded. Self-actualization can be proposed as a solution to reduce the negative impacts caused by this. This motivation leads to improved psychological health and well-being in humans. It seems that environmental capabilities can be used to pursue self-actualization in people. Considering the mentioned necessity, this study aims to provide effective design components for responding to the self-actualization of residents in residential complexes. In the first step of the research's first phase, which is the document mining method, the sample population was available resources, and in the Delphi method, the sample population was 20 experts. The sample population in the second phase of the research to survey users was 290 residents of residential complexes in Shiraz city. Research was started using document mining and Delphi techniques, and sources were assessed. Then, experts were interviewed, and users were surveyed using the researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the information obtained from the users' survey was entered into SPSS-23.0, and data analysis was performed using factor analysis and Pearson correlation tests. The findings of factor analysis present the components of creative environment, collective environment, environmental safety, event-able environment, diversity, discoverability, and social interactions as environmental components that are effective in responding to the self-actualization needs of residents of residential complexes, and the results of the correlation test show that all factors are positively and significantly correlated
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Nowadays, when societies are moving towards mechanization and humans' psychological aspects are more neglected than ever before, this lack of attention can cause feelings of emptiness, depression, and despair. Self-actualization can be proposed as a solution to reduce the damage caused by this. This motivation is one of the most important drivers for every person, so it can play a significant role in creating meaning and pleasure in human life. Considering this issue can improve people's psychological health and well-being. In this regard, it appears that environmental capabilities can be used in order to realize self-actualization. Due to the extensive relationship between humans and this space, the residential space can play an effective and significant role in achieving this aim. Considering the mentioned importance and necessity, the main question of the research can be raised as follows:
- What are the design components of residential complexes based on responding to the self-actualization needs of the residents? 
Accordingly, this study has been conducted to provide effective design components to respond to the self-actualization of residents in residential complexes.
 
Methodology
The present study has been conducted using a combined approach, including quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to achieve the proposed goal and introduce the design components of residential complexes, this research is being conducted in two phases. The first phase consists of two steps, and the second phase contains one step. The first phase of the research was initiated by employing the document mining method and the Delphi technique. For this purpose, library and internet resources were scrutinized regarding the research topic. Then, in order to complete the information, experts in architecture, urban planning, psychology, and environmental psychology were interviewed, which ultimately led to the formation of a goal-objective table to design a research-made questionnaire for users. In the second phase, the users' questionnaire was designed using the users' goal-content table, which includes 58 questions with answers in the form of a 4-point Likert scale. Furthermore, its reliability has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, its formal validity by the theoretical consensus of experts, its content validity by using a goal-content table, and its structural validity by using R factor analysis. Finally, after checking and verifying the researcher-made questionnaire, users are surveyed using the researcher-made questionnaire. The user survey information is entered into SPSS 23.0 statistical software, and data analysis is performed. At this stage, data analysis is done using "R factor analysis" and "Pearson's correlation" tests, which are performed to explore the design components of residential complexes based on the response to the need for self-actualization and check the correlation between the mentioned components. In the first step of the first phase of the research, which is the document mining method, the sample population is made up of available sources, and in the second step of the first phase of the research, which is the Delphi method, the sample population consists of 20 experts who were selected by the snowball method. In the second stage of the research, the sample population was calculated using Kline's point of view, which suggests between 5 and 6 people for each item of the questionnaire, so the sample population includes 290 residents of residential complexes in Shiraz. Five residential complexes in Shiraz were selected using cluster sampling to survey the users.
 
Results and discussion
The findings of the R factor analysis indicate that the needs of residential complex residents to achieve self-actualization are effectively fulfilled by the components of "creative environment, collaborative environment, environmental safety, event-able environment, diverse environment, environmental discovery, and social interactions in the environment." According to the results of Pearson's correlation test, all components indicate a positive and significant association.
 
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the components discovered in this research can play an effective role in achieving self-actualization in the residents of residential complexes. It can be acknowledged that in the environment of residential complexes, the possibility of individual and collective participation in a creative and curious environment can provide self-expression and self-reflection by giving freedom to act in the environment; this ultimately provides the basis for people's self-actualization. In this regard, events formed in a diverse and safe environment can create a creative and collaborative atmosphere and provide a platform for realizing the residents' self-actualization in residential complexes.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work, with no declaration of competing interests.
 
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants for this paper.