نوع مقاله : پژوهشی - کاربردی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه جغرافیای شهری، دانشگاه پیامنور، تهران
2 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیامنور، تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
The world today is increasingly dependent on the growth of technology and knowledge-based economics. In the knowledge age, the reliance on the new generation of knowledge, mainly in a technological and innovative way, has become a tool for adapting to changes and management of challenges. Knowledge-based economies also are in need for growth and development through increased competitiveness in the knowledge and technology sectors. As a result, urban areas, which are the main focal points for the development of knowledge economy, are changed by dynamic processes of economic and spatial restructuring. Knowledge Based Urban Development (KBUD) is a development pattern that seeks to provide competitiveness and sustainability in terms of productive and incremental nature of the urban economic knowledge. Cities, especially metropolises, are the optimal scope for interconnection between the urban knowledge for the purpose of KBUD. This article attempts to formulate a strategic map of knowledge based urban development of Tehran by using the resource-based perspective and strategic thinking.
Methodology
This research has a descriptive and analytical method due to the strategic nature of the study and an applied goal. Theoretical data were obtained by documentary method and experimental data using a survey based on Delphi method. A Delphi team has been selected using purposeful sampling. The criteria for selecting experts include theoretical profession, practical experience, willingness and ability to participate in research and access. From 14 to 20 experts participated in the Delphi. According to the above criteria, 20 experts from research centers and universities have been selected to participate in the research. Meta-SWOT and PESTEL analysis have been used to process information and provide KBUD strategies. The methodology of the article is descriptive-analytical and has a practical purpose due to its strategic nature. Theoretical data were collected by documentary and experimental data through the survey. In order to process the data and production of a strategic map, we used the meta-SWOT model and PESTEL analysis. The results show that Tehran's internal resources do not have the same significance in KBUD.
Results and discussion
Tehran has a number of sources and internal capabilities that, as compared to other internal resources, are invaluable and irreplaceable in the development and realization of the knowledgeable city. These factors include the science and technology parks, the industrial structure and the establishment of important industries, pioneering in the digital region, KBUD vision, active and expert populations, and elites and creative class. On the contrary, the weakness of research and development in urban issues, economic downturn, and lack of knowledge based economics, poor power of economic competitiveness and natural and environmental hazards are the major barriers and threats. The key role and place of these factors should be accepted by the policy and planning system and explained in the framework of the KBUD policy in order to activate the city's urban economics cycle.
The results of Tehran's strategic plan confirm that research in urban affairs is a valuable, rare, irresistible, and irreplaceable, and strategically suited. This factor contributes to sustainable growth and support the development of KBUD. Attracting foreign investment in urban projects has also a similar degree of urgency in the knowledge-based development of Tehran. From the perspective of competitiveness we have two dimensions (KBUD and sustainable urban development) and the cities of Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad are the major cities in the knowledge-based urban development. Since competitive cities are knowledge-based and creative cities, Tehran's competitive power should first be enhanced through the development of knowledge-based industries and creative industries. But in this regard, the production of space and the construction of space structures appropriate to knowledge base development for improving the quality of the urban environment, quality of life and urban habitat conditions can help to achieve the main and practical goals of the city's strategic plan. Obviously, the realization of the main objectives has an undeniable link with the housing policy, quality of urban infrastructure and the production of public spaces (with social function that is effective in attracting creative class).
Conclusion
The successful transition of the Tehran metropolis to the knowledge-based economy, especially in national and international competition, requires long-term investment in education and innovation and modernization of the city's knowledge-based infrastructure. Outside of the national boundaries, Tehran's metropolis to go among global cities network depends on infrastructure capacity, competitive infrastructure, and structural and political barriers. Urban diplomacy is one of the capacities to facilitate economic integration for the export of knowledge-based products.
Urban planning should be criticized in theory and practice in order to accept the propaganda of knowledge development as a driving force for the urban development. City planning should provide the infrastructure for the deployment of services, construction of spaces and the development of knowledge activities in the urban spatial structure. The priorities of spatial deployment and functional requirements for the knowledge-based urban development are including establishing specialized technology poles in authorized zones (Knowledge industries), supporting the establishment of knowledge-based companies in appropriate areas, developing centers of innovation at the regions and neighborhoods level.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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