ارزیابی و پایش سیاست‌های تأمین مسکن گروه‌های کم‌درآمد شهری از منظر شاخص‌های پایداری مسکن (مطالعة موردی: مسکن مهر گرگان)

Introduction
Various policies have been developed in various countries around the world, including developing countries, particularly for low-income housing. Low-income groups for housing in cities from the first phase; That is, choosing a location to the extent and size of their housing, materials, and mixing their home with permits and facilities to build a home is faced with many problems. Therefore, these segments have no choice but to move into the informal housing market. Inappropriate and off-standard housing, in addition to harmful psychological effects, directly and indirectly leads to social consequences, such as delinquency, crime and violation of laws and regulations. Housing policymakers, theorists, and planners have found that affordable housing affordability for low-income households is a key tool in achieving vital goals, including household economic success. Evidence suggests that low-cost housing construction is a launching pad for employment, income growth and financial security. Housing is now a major factor in the socialization of the world with the major commodity in the social organization of space, which plays a crucial role in shaping individual identity, social relationships, and collective goals. Mehr Housing Plan 2007 with the aim of balancing housing supply and demand by eliminating land prices, providing low-income and poor housing, controlling and preventing excessive land and housing prices, boosting housing production and increase the volume of housing production, reduce housing costs (rents, mortgages and purchases) from household spending bases, meet the cumulative and future needs of housing, and bring equity to affordable housing, thereby reducing poverty and providing youth housing. It was raised.
With the rapid growth of the population and the widespread expansion of the city of Gorgan, the need for housing for different strata, especially the low-income strata, has become more pronounced. To overcome this problem, a number of strategies have been implemented, including the Mehr housing policy. How to provide housing for low-income urban groups in Gorgan is a big issue that needs to be addressed by the government and relevant authorities. In this study, we investigate the indicators of sustainable urban housing in Gorgan's Mehr Zeytoon Housing. In the foregoing research, it will attempt to elucidate the dimensions of housing sustainability in Mehr housing policies by identifying the principles for achieving this important in implementing Mehr Housing Policy of the possible vacancies of the currently low-income housing program. Gorgan (Mehr Zeytoon Housing) and make suggestions for sustainable housing planning to improve the quality of life of residents. In this regard, first, indicators and criteria related to sustainable urban housing in different economic, socio-cultural, physical-spatial and environmental aspects are extracted from reliable external and internal sources and adapted to country specific conditions. These indicators were then measured and evaluated according to the status quo through statistical tests.
Methodology
This study is an applied and descriptive-analytical research. Sustainability assessment was done using a questionnaire and interviews with Mehr housing residents in Gorgan. The population of the 1164 households is all residents of Gorgan's Mehr Zeytoon Housing. To measure the quality of housing, a sample of 300 households was collected using Cochran method. The sampling method was random. The Sustainability Measurement Questionnaire of Mehr Housing Plan is divided into two parts. The first section deals with independent variables with demographic characteristics of the subjects in question, such as age, gender, and so on. The second part deals with the sustainability dependent variables of the Mehr Housing Plan. This section contains housing standards and sub-criteria that are designed to measure the sustainability of Mehr housing complexes and are addressed as research questions that include four criteria: physical, economic, socio-cultural and environmental. Overall, sustainability has been evaluated on the basis of 36 questions that actually constitute the following criteria related to the research criteria. The questions were evaluated using a five-point Likert range. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, correlation test, and one-sample t-test. All questionnaire questions are closed type, since the questionnaire uses a range of five Likert options and scores ranging from one (very low) to five (very high) are answered in the analysis. The results are considered the number three as the theoretical median of the responses and the mean stability obtained across all criteria and sub-criteria is compared with this number.
Results and discussion
Evaluation of the components of Mehr Housing Physical Sustainability Dimensions from the perspective of residents consists of 7 items. This shows a range from the lowest level of sustainability (2.48) to the optimal level, since the criterion for determining the degree of sustainability of Mehr Housing residents in The format of the five alternatives is considered too low or too high using the Likert spectrum and the number represents the lowest level of stability, averages obtained from various physical dimensions (2.82). , Indicates the instability of housing indices from the physical and physical aspects of Mehr Housing. Assessing the range of variations between the obtained averages shows that except for stability in the index. In other areas, such as materials used, population density within the complex, housing area, housing strength, residential and interior architecture and interior design and the number of rooms, there was an undesirable level of stability, in other words. The low level of sustainability has been considered by the residents of Mehran housing in Gorgan. Investigation of the lowest level of stability among the physical components (2.48) refers to the type of materials used in the Mehr housing, since inferior and poor quality materials were used instead of quality materials. There are six questions about the sustainability of Mehr Housing's economic dimension, the components being evaluated in a broader way that summarizes the smaller economic dimensions of households. In all cases, the situation was near optimal. Most of the sustainability level in terms of the economic aspects of Mehr housing (3.79) is related to the cost of housing. Most of the uncertainty stems from the economic factors related to the disproportionate price of a unit with facilities. But this does not mean that the intensity of sustainability is high, but it is the lowest among the economic dimensions. An examination of the differences in the meanings also confirms that the repayment of mortgages, the proportion of Mehr's housing prices to the income of resident households, and the satisfaction of the amount required paying these units, have contributed to the sustainability of the economic dimension. Add seal housing. Concerning the economic index of housing, it is important to set a target for mass production of housing by misdiagnosing the cause of the disadvantage of low-income groups, while aiming to enhance the financial ability of these groups through institutional reforms and Finance was set to reform the structure of income distribution. Evaluation of data from socio-cultural dimension of Mehr Gorgan housing shows that, despite the level of economic stability of Mehr housing, the stability of different components of social dimension is not in a desirable state. The privacy of the households living in Mehr Housing was the lowest (2.47). This is due to a variety of factors, including physical and material problems and design issues, namely: the use of low-cost materials and thin walls (the use of very thin canvas panels) between units as well as non-compliance. The principles of the aristocracy of housing have created problems in both the auditory and visual aspects. Evaluating and comparing other components of the social dimension reflects the fact that sustainability, except in terms of traffic security and social interactions, in other respects, such as the impact of stamped housing on the strengthening of neighborhood relations, privacy, facilities Cultural and religious, neighborhood-specific customs and lifestyle of the apartment are low-level. In this respect, it is important to note that Mehr's housing policy provides sustainable urban housing, in line with the principles and policies set out to reduce it. The finished price (excluding land prices from residential units) has been taken into consideration and the welfare-location and social sustainability indicators and the service is not paying attention. This has increased household spending. The environmental aspects of housing encompass several issues that have been briefly evaluated for its most important components and indicators. Accordingly, six components have been considered to investigate the environmental dimension of Mehr housing. The obtained averages and their comparisons with each other indicate that it has the most volatility, the desired level for any of the environmental dimension components has not been considered, thus, the highest volatility is related to the lack of green space (2.12). After that, the cleanliness of public places is within the complex (2.23). These issues are due to a number of factors, including the lack of optimal planning for the proper housing of Mehr housing and the small amount of effort required to provide these spaces after project implementation. The presence of polluting sources of audio and video, as well as lack of an efficient and mechanized sewage disposal system in the vicinity of Gorgan's agricultural areas are among the factors that increase the level of dissatisfaction in various environmental aspects. However, the problems of Mehr housing in Gorgan can be identified by the Mehr Housing Plans which are mostly on the outskirts of the city and lack of attention to the simultaneous construction of infrastructure and superstructure with the construction of residential units. There were also problems with some uses, such as educational, health, commercial, and insufficient attention to building structures and the lack of living spirit in these units.
Conclusion
Stability analysis of Mehr Housing Indicators shows that the stability indexes of Mehr Housing in Gorgan were in relative position with their units. The results showed that the residents are dissatisfied with the physical, environmental and socio-cultural characteristics of Mehr housing but in the economic aspect, they have expressed satisfaction with the proportion of housing prices with monthly household income. The overall numerical mean obtained from this study was less than desirable (3). Findings related to the physical dimension of Mehr housing showed that the architectural and urban and safety principles were not observed. Unusual use of materials on the exterior and interior of residential units, use of inappropriate materials to cover buildings and paintings instead of high quality materials such as stone, poor quality of materials used inside units, electricity inappropriate and non-standard killing, lack of proper heating and cooling equipment and inappropriate location without program, etc. Therefore, the complex is located on the outskirts of the city and lacks proper access to various uses. In the environmental aspect, such as the aforementioned dimensions of lack of green space, lack of easy access to leisure places, etc., have been other problems of Gorgan's Mehr housing. Based on the findings and the evaluations made in response to the purpose of the study, which was the evaluation and analysis of Mehr housing sustainability indicators with housing quality indicators, it can be concluded that residential units In the study area, Mehr did not conform to the desirable (economic, socio-cultural, physical and environmental) indicators of housing, most of which were unstable in terms of physical dimensions, very poor quality of materials used in interior and exterior architecture. The exterior, especially the exterior and the dissatisfaction with the privacy of households, have been used because of the type of design and the type of materials used. Therefore, the Mehr housing in the study area has not been able to obtain housing sustainability indices in terms of quality housing.
According to the results of the study, some solutions to the problems of Mehr housing stability are presented: Improved access to public utilities such as taxi and bus services; Participation and attention of more urban entities, especially municipalities, to create urban services, green spaces and passages. Given the vast expanse of wasteland around the site of the Mehr Olive Housing site, it can provide some comfort to residents by converting these lands into green spaces.