نقش فعالیت‌های گردشگری در توسعۀ خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم‌های شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: منطقۀ 3 شهر اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی - کاربردی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جهانگردی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد گروه جهانگردی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

 خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم، مزایایی غیرمادی است که انسان از ارتباط با محیط به‌دست می‌آورد؛ بدین‌گونه که انسان ابتدا براساس فرهنگ خود محیط را درک و سپس مزایای مذکور را از آن دریافت می‌کند، اما در حال حاضر به‌دلیل توسعة سریع، نامناسب و کمتر برنامه‌ریزی‌شده، در بیشتر شهرهای کشور از جمله اصفهان، خدمات فرهنگی دریافتی مردم در معرض خطر قرار دارد. از آنجا که گردشگری یکی از فعالیت‌های مؤثر بر فرهنگ، مزایا و خدمات آن است، هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین میزان تأثیرگذاری عملکرد و فعالیت‌های گردشگری بر توسعة خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم (CES) در منطقة تاریخی شهر اصفهان (منطقة 3) است. داده‌های استفاده‌شده از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه) جمع‌آوری و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش معادلات ساختاری در محیط نرم‌افزار LISREL استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که درمجموع، فعالیت‌های گردشگری در توسعة CES در منطقة 3 شهر اصفهان نقش مؤثری داشته است؛ البته این تأثیر در ابعاد مختلف یکسان نیست و مؤلفه‌های خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم (CES) یعنی حس مکان، تنوع فرهنگی، روابط اجتماعی، ارزش‌های زیباشناختی و سیستم دانش و ارزش‌های آموزشی با درجات متفاوت متأثر از فعالیت‌ها و فرایندهای گردشگری هستند. در میان شاخص‌های نامبرده، قوی‌ترین تأثیرپذیری به مؤلفة ارزش‌های زیباشناختی و ضعیف‌ترین تأثیرپذیری به مؤلفة سیستم دانش و ارزش‌های آموزشی تعلق دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the role of tourism activities in Cultural ecosystem services (CES) development (Case study: District 3 of Isfahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • nazanin tabrizi 1
  • mohammad hasan zal 1
  • melika Jafar pishe 2
1 Tourism Department - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences - University of Mazandaran - Babolsar – Iran
2 -
چکیده [English]

Cultural Ecosystem Services are non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems. CES are connected to human health and well-being and cannot be out sourced , they are provided by linkages between people and the environment they live in.
Todays with the unfavorable development and rapid growth of Isfahan as the third largest city in the country without the necessary infrastructure, in addition, the age of modernity and the capitalist world and the process of modernization, is no longer conceptualized by pure urban culture. So, obtaining cultural ecosystem services by people are becoming endangered. With direct relation between tourism and culture, this study target to identify wether tourism had able to develop cultural ecosystem services in Isfahan, district 3.
In this research, library studies were used to collect data and information, as well as field studies including interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two ways: the statistical population of this study included experts in tourism and urban planning and citizens of Isfahan region 3 (n = 383). Validity was confirmed by the views of professors and experts, and reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. Then statistical software such as LISREL and SPSS were used for analysis. It is worth noting that the results show that there is a significant relationship between tourism and cultural services in Isfahan region 3 (standard co-efficient = 0.43 and T =7.27) and 20% of cultural services changes due to tourism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural ecosystem services
  • Development
  • Tourism
  • City
  • District 3 of Isfahan

مراجع

اینسکیپ، ادوارد، 1394، برنامه‌ریزی گردشگری: رویکردی یکپارچه و پایدار به برنامه‌ریزی و توسعة گردشگری، چاپ دوم، ترجمة محمود حسن‌پور و سعید داغستانی، انتشارات مهکامه، تهران.
تقوایی، علی‌اکبر، معروفی، سکینه و سمیه پهلوان، 1391، «ارزیابی تأثیر کیفیت محیط شهری بر روابط اجتماعی شهروندان»، دوره 3، شماره 1، صص 43-54.
تقی‌زاده، الهام، 1393، بررسی نقش مشارکت‌های مردمی در کاهش ترافیک (مطالعة موردی شهر اصفهان)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، استاد راهنما اصغر ضرابی، دانشگاه اصفهان.
چراغی‌کوتیانی، اسماعیل، 1388، «اصلاح در روابط اجتماعی، ره‌آورد ظهور منجی»، مشرق موعود، دورة سوم، شمارة 9، صص 11-34.
حاتمی، یاسر، 1396، «ارزیابی تأثیر کیفیت محیط شهری بر روابط اجتماعی استفاده‌کنندگان از فضا (مطالعة موردی: پیاده‌راه بوعلی سینا شهر همدان)»، نشریة پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، سال هشتم، شمارة 30، صص 245-266.
زنگی‌آبادی، علی و نازنین تبریزی، 1386، «تحلیل فضایی مبلمان شهری محدودة گردشگری بخش مرکزی شهر اصفهان»، مجله پژوهشی دانشگاه اصفهان، شمارة 1، صص 45-66.
شهرداری اصفهان، 1397، آمارنامة شهرداری اصفهان منطقه 3، بازیابی شده در 20 شهریور 1397.
شهرداری اصفهان، 1396، گزارش عملکرد دوسالة معاونت فرهنگی-اجتماعی شهرداری منطقة 3.
ضرابی، اصغر، تقوایی، مسعود و رضا مختاری ملک‌آبادی، 1388، «برنامه‌ریزی اراضی فرهنگی-تفریحی مناطق شهری اصفهان و نقش ICT در تعادل‌بخشی منطقه‌ای»، جغرافیا و توسعه، شمارة 18، صص 135-158.
قدیریان، فرشید و محمدعلی زکی، 1393، بررسی آثار اجتماعی و فرهنگی گردشگری بر جامعة محلی، اولین کنفرانس ملی جغرافیا، گردشگری، منابع طبیعی و توسعة پایدار، تهران، مؤسسه ایرانیان، قطب علمی برنامه‌ریزی و توسعة پایدار گردشگری دانشگاه تهران.
گیدنز، آنتونی و کارن بردسال، 1938، گزیدة جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمة حسن چاوشیان، تهران، نشر نی.
محمدی، جمال، شاهیوندی، احمد و مرضیه سلطانی، 1390، «تحلیلی بر توزیع فضایی خدمات فرهنگی و تعیین سطوح برخورداری استان‌های ایران»، جغرافیا (فصلنامة علمی-پژوهشی انجمن جغرافیای ایران)، سال نهم، شمارة 29، صص 149-163.
نقیه، محمد، 1394، طبیعت باز و بسته و روش استدلال در طبیعت، تهران، نشر نی.
وای‌گی، چاک و اداردوفایو سولا، 1933، جهانگردی در چشم‌اندازی جامع، چاپ ششم، ترجمة علی پارسیان و سید محمد اعرابی، دفتر پژوهش‌های فرهنگی، تهران.
Alcamo, J., and Bennett, E. M., 2003, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: A Framework for Assessment, Washington, DC, Island Press.
Anacio, D. B et al., 2016, Dwelling Structures in a Flood-Prone Area in the Philippines: Sense of Place and Its Functions for Mitigating Flood Experiences, in Ternational Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 15, PP. 108-115.
Andersson, E., Tengö, M., Mcphearson, T., and Kremer, P., 2015, Cultural Ecosystem Services as a Gateway for Improving Urban Sustainability, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 12, PP. 165-168.
Anstrand, M., 2006, Community-Based Tourism and Socio-Culture Aspects Relating to Tourism -A Case Study of a Swedish Student Excursion to Babati (Tanzania), Environment and Development, Supervisor: Vesa-Matti Loiske, Södertörns Högskola University.
Bai, X., 2016, Eight Energy and Material Flow Characteristics of Urban Ecosystems, Ambio, Vol. 45, No.7, PP. 819-830.
Baulcomb, C. et al., 2015, A Pathway to Identifying and Valuing Cultural Ecosystem Services: An Application to Marine Food Webs, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 11, PP. 128-139.
Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S., 1999, Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas, Vol. 29, No. 2, PP. 293-301.
Chapin, F. S., and Knapp, C. N., 2015, Sense of Place: A Process for Identifying and Negotiating Potentially Contested Visions of Sustainability, Environmental Science and Policy, Vol. 53, and PP. 38-46.
Chen, B, 2015, In tegrated Ecological Modelling for Sustainable Urban Metabolism and Management, Ecological Modelling, Vol. 318, PP. 1-4.
Chen, S., Chen, B., and Fath, B. D., 2014, Urban Ecosystem Modeling and Global Change: Potential for Rational Urban Management and Emissions Mitigation, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 190, PP. 139-149.
Cheraghi Kootiani, E., 2009, Correction in Social Relations Led to the Emergence of Savior, Mashregh Mouod Journal, Vol. 9, No 3. (In Persian)
Convery, I., Corsane, G., and Davis, P., 2014, Making Sense of Place: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Woodbridge, the Boydell Press.
Cooper, N. et al., 2016, Aesthetic and Spiritual Values of Ecosystems: Recognising the Ontological and Axiological Plurality of Cultural Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 21, PP. 218-229.
Cristina Schander De Almeida, Izabel, Charko Ribeiro, Helena and Santos, Eurico De Oliveir Santos, 2016, Domestic Medical Tourism: A New Look on Patients of the Public Health System and the ir Companions, Springer, in ternational Publishing.
Dickinson, D. C., and Hobbs, R. J, 2017, Cultural Ecosystem Services: Characteristics, Challenges and Lessons for Urban Green Space Research, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 25, PP. 179-194.
Dizdaroglu, D., 2015, Developing Micro-Level Urban Ecosystem in dicators For Sustainability Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 54, PP. 119-124.
Dover, J. W, 2018, in troduction to Urban Sustainability Issues, Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability, PP. 3-15.
EEA, 2010, The European Environment State and Outlook 2010: Synthesis, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
Engelhardt, R., 2005, Culturally and Ecologically Sustainable Tourism Development Through Local Community Management, in Hooper A. (Ed.), Culture and Sustainable Development in the Pacific, PP. 174-186, ANU Press. Retrieved From http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jbj7c.20.
Gatzweiler, F. W., and Hagedorn, K., 2013, Biodiversity and Cultural Ecosystem Services, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, PP. 332-340.
Ghadirian, F., and Zaki, M. A., 2014, in vestigating the Social and Cultural Effects of Tourism on the Local Community. First National Conference on Geography, Tourism, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Iranian in stitute of Science and Technology, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Gidenz, A., and Berdsal, K., 1938, Selection of Sociology, Hasan Chavoshian, 2017, Ninth Edition, and Nei Press. (In Persian)
Groot, R. S. et al., 2002, A Typology for the Classification, Description and Valuation of Ecosystem Functions, Goods and Services, Ecological Economics, Vol. 41, No. 3, PP. 393-408.
Grzinić, J., and Vodeb, K., 2015, Cultural Tourism Destination Impacts, Pula, Juraj Dobrila University.
Haines Young, R., and Potschin, M., 2013, Common in ternational Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES), Consultation Version 4, August-December 2012, Report to the European Environment Agency, Download at www.cices.eu.
Hatami, Y., 2017, Assessing the Impact of the Quality of the Urban Environment on the Social Relationships of Space Users (Case Study: Buali Sina Walk in Hamedan City), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Vol 30, PP. 245-266. (In Persian)
Hillman, P. R., 2016, Tourism and Quality of Life: Perceptions of Local in dustry Employees in Ubud Bali, Master’s the sis, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Tourism Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW.
Hunt, D. P., 2003, The Concept of Knowledge and How to Measure It, Journal of in Tellectual Capital, Vol. 4, No. 1, PP. 100-113.
Inskeep, E., 1934, Tourism Planning: An in tegrated and Sustainable Approach to Tourism Planning and Development, Mahmoud Hasan Pour and Saeid Daghestani, 2016, Second Edition, Mahkameh Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
Isfahan Municipality, 2017, Biennial Performance Report of Municipal Cultural and Social Deputy of District 3. (In Persian)
Isfahan Municipality, 2018, Isfahan Municipality Statistics District 3, Retrieved September 20. (In Persian)
Kamp, I. V., Leidelmeijer, K., Marsman, G., and Hollander, A. D., 2003, Urban Environmental Quality and Human Well-Being, Landscape and Urban Planning,Vol. 65, No. 1-2, PP. 5-18.
Karout, N., et al., 2013, Cultural Diversity: A Qualitative Study on Saudi Arabian Womens Experience and Perception of Maternal Health Services, Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, Vol. 3, No. 11, PP. 172-182.
Keles, R., 2012, The Quality of Life and the Environment, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 35, PP. 23-32.
Korjala, V., 2012, Cultural Diversity in Hospitality Management-How to Improve Cultural Diversity Workforce, Supervisor: Susanna Saari, Hospitality Management, Turku University of Applied Sciences.
Lengen, C., and Kistemann, T., 2012, Sense of Place and Place Identity: Review of Neuro Scientific ­Evidence, Health and Place, Vol. 18, No. 5, PP. 1162-1171.
Luederitz, Christopher et al., 2015, A Review of Urban Ecosystem Services: Six Key Challenges for Future Research, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 14, PP. 98–112.
Mao, N., 2015, the Role of Tourism in Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Siem Reap-Angkor Region, Supervisors: Prof, Terry Delacy, Philosophy, Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Mazur, B., 2010, Cultural Diversity in Organisational the Ory and Practice, Journal of In Tercultural Management, Vol. 2, PP. 5–15.
Mccunn, L. J., and Gifford, R., 2018, Spatial Navigation and Place Imageability in Sense of Place, Cities, Vol. 74, PP. 208-218.
MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment), 2005b, A Framework for Assessment, Washington, DC: Island Press.
Milcu, A. I., Hanspach, J., Abson, D., and Fischer, J., 2013, Cultural Ecosystem Services: a Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research, Ecology and Society, Vol. 18, No. 3, PP. 565-598.
Mohammadi, J., Shahivandi, A. and Soltani, M., 2011, An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Cultural Services and Determination of Levels of Providence in Iranian Provinces. Geography (Iranian Journal of Geography Association), Vol. 9, No. 29, PP. 149-163. (In Persian)
Mokhtar, M., 2007, Aesthetics Values in Urban Dsign Case Study CONSTANTIN, Doktorat D’ETAT, Supervisor: Pr. Sahnoune Tayeb, Architecture, Universite Mentouri.
Mooney, A. et al., 2005, Ecosystem and Human Well-Being, Synthesis, A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, World Resources in Stitute.
Naghieh, M., 2015, Open and Closed Nature and Reasoning Method
In Nature, Vol. 1, First Edition. (In Persian).
Nahuelhaul, L., Carmona, A., Laterra, P., Barrena, J., and Aguayo, M., 2014, A Mapping Approach to Assess in tangible Cultural Ecosystem Services: The Case of Agriculture Heritage in Southern Chilel, Vol. 41, PP. 90-101.
Newell, R., and Canessa, R., 2018, From Sense of Place to Visualization of Place: Examining People-Place Relationships for in sight on Developing Geovisualizations, Heliyon, Vol. 4, No. 2, PP. 1-37.
Nuttavuthisit, K., 2014, How Consumers as Aesthetic Subjects Co-Create the Aesthetic Experience of the Retail Environment, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 21, No. 4, PP. 432-437.
OECD, 2009, The Impact of Culture on Tourism, Published on the Responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, ISBN- 978-92-64-05648-0.
Papa C., I., and Rosas C., M., 2015, An in tegrative Methodology for the Quality of Life Measurement in Urban Places Based on the Accomplishement of Human Needs, PP. 1-19.
Pleasant, M. M. et al., 2014, Managing Cultural Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 8, PP. 141-147.
Reisinger, Y., 2012, In ternational Tourism: Cultures and Behavior, London: Routledge.
Riechers, M., Barkmann, J., and Tscharntke, T., 2016, Perceptions of Cultural Ecosystem Services from Urban Green, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 17, PP. 33-39.
Rudolf de Groot, P. S., van de Berg, A., & Amelung, B. (2005). Cultural and amenity services. Ecosystems and Human Well‐Being: Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group, PP. 455-476.
Serje, M., 2017, Social Relations: A Critical Reflection on the Notion of Social Impacts As Change, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 65, PP. 139-146.
Sharpley, R., 2014, Host Perceptions of Tourism: A Review of the Research, Tourism Management, Vol. 42, PP. 37-49.
Shi, X., and Yang, J., 2014, A Material Flow-Based Approach For Diagnosing Urban Ecosystem Health, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 64, PP. 437-446.
Slavov, S., 2015, Impacts of Tourism on the Local Community, Vol. 5, PP. 57-62.
Stefance, D., 2011, The Conceptions of Knowledge in Educational Discourse: Some Problems, Vol. 1, PP. 120-140.
Taghi Zadeh, E., 2014, In vestigating the Role of Public Participation in Traffic Reduction (Case Study: Isfahan City), Geography and Urban Planning, Supervisor Asghar Zarabi, Isfahan University. (In Persian).
Taghvai, A. A., Maroufi, S., and Pahlevan, S., 2012, An Evaluation of the Impact of the Quality of the Urban Environment on the Social Relations of Citizens, Vol. 3, No. 1, PP. 54-43. (In Persian).
Tangit, T., and Md Hasim, A., and Adanan, A., 2014, Rural Tourism At Its Peak: Socio-Cultural Impacts Towards Host Communities of Kinabalu Park, Sabah (Malaysian-Borneo), SHS Web of Conferences, Vol. 12.
Tengberg, et al., 2012, Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Landscapes: Assessment of Heritage Values and Identity, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 2, PP. 14-26.
UK NEA, 2011, Drivers of Change in UK Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services, UK National Ecosystem Assessment, Understanding Nature’s Value to Society, Technical Report, Cambridge.
UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Habitat III, 2015, Issues Paper 11 – Public Space, Habitat III, New York, www.habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda/issue-papers.
Vai Gi, C., and Sola, E. F., 1933, Tourism in Comprehensive Outlook, Ali Parsian and Seyed Mohamad Erabi, 2011, 6th Edition, Edit 2, of Fice of Cultural Research, Tehran. (In Persian)
Vaz, A. S., and Santos, H., 2018, Transplanetary, Perspective of Cultural Ecosystem Services Extending Dickinson and Hobbs (2017)’S Definitions, Characteristics and Challenges of Cultural Services’ Research, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 29, PP. 168-169.
Wallace, K. J., 2007, Classification of Ecosystem Services: Problems and Solutions, Biological Conservation, Vol. 139, No. 3-4, PP. 235-246.
Wang, Y. et al., 2008. Aesthetic Values in Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study in Zhangjiajie National Park of Wuling Yuan, China, Journal of China Tourism Research, Vol. 4, PP. 205–218.
Willcock, S., Camp, B. J., and Peh, K. S., 2017, A Comparison of Cultural Ecosystem Service Survey­ Methods Within South England, Ecosystem Services, Vol. 26, PP. 445-450.
Xenakis, I., Arnellos, A., and Darzentas, J., 2012, The Functional Role of Emotions in Aesthetic Judgment, New Ideas in Psychology, Vol. 30, No. 2, PP. 212-226.
Zangi Abadi, A., and Tabrizi, N., 2007, Spatial Analysis of Urban Furniture in the Tourism Area of the Central District of Isfahan, Journal of Humanities of Isfahan University, Vol 1, PP. 45-66.(In Persian)
Zarabi, A., Taghvaei, M., and Mokhtari Malekabadi, R., 2009, Isfahan Urban-Cultural Landscape Planning and the Role of ICT in Regional Balancing, Geography and Development, No. 18, PP. 135-158. (In Persian)
Zwierzchowska, I. et al., 2017, Multi-Scale Assessment of Cultural Ecosystem Services of Parks in Central European Cities, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, Vol. 30, PP. 84-97.
 
پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری
دوره 8، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 115-136

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار