ضرباهنگ کاوی مصرف فضا در فضاهای مرکز شهر مطالعه موردی: سبزه‌میدان زنجان

ABSTRACT
The research aims to know the daily life experience of people in the public spaces of the center and to explain their behavioral patterns in the said spaces. This research is qualitative and inductive-interpretative, to explore the rhythm of revitalized spaces with the example of Zanjan Square Green. The method of data collection is observation, continuous monitoring, and friendly interviews. The time scale of the research is the months of Shahrivar and Mehr, the first, middle, and weekend days (Saturday, Tuesday, and Thursday) and 8 to 10, 11 to 13, and 17 to 19, and the spatial scale includes three sequences and 6 local stations. The collected data were analyzed using the interpretive qualitative method, and the results were analyzed in the form of an interpretive report, qualitative tables, and a radar dispersion model. Research variables include density, stratification, morphology, proximity, extent, prominence, continuity, sequence, speed, repetition, movement, and synchronization. The findings show that despite the continuous connection of the Sabzehmeydan complex, the rhythm of the space is different and changes according to the social stratification of people. The temporal concentration of voluntary-social behaviors is in the evening, and mandatory-necessary behaviors are in the morning. In traditional and identity spaces, the spatial and temporal rhythm is mostly masculine, repeatable, continuous, and regular, and the radar of social-voluntary behaviors with a tendency towards its surroundings has a relatively stable daily and weekly behavioral pattern
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The investigation of the rhythmic effect of the use of urban public spaces is called the "exploratory rhythm." The "exploratory rhythm" is a term whose roots in urban space literature go back to Henri Lefebvre. Rhythm mining is a method to explain the pattern of movement, periodicity, permanence, cause, repeatability, and continuity in both linear and cyclic types that shows the lived experience of people in different spaces. Investigating the temporal and spatial rhythms of revitalized spaces in the context of the central texture of the city is essential because by explaining the rhythm of movement, pause, and stop in the context of the main elements of geography (time, space, and human activity), the way of production and consumption of space is mined and used its results in urban planning and management. The main research questions are:
- What is the rhythm of production and consumption in different spaces and sequences of Zanjan Square Green complex at different times and places?
-The production and consumption of space according to stratification is a function of which behavior pattern?
 
Methodology
The current research is qualitative with an inductive-interpretive nature based on the rhythm mining method. The data collection method was based on observation and non-tangible case interviews. The community under study is the beneficiaries (users) of the public space of the large complex of Sabzehmeydan, which includes about 200 cases according to time and place, which are based on targeted sampling based on various social levels (children, teenagers, youths, elderly, middle-aged and retailers). The timing of harvesting is on the first days of the week (Saturday), mid-week (Tuesday), and weekend (Thursday) leading to August to October 2023, which are in the morning (8-10), noon (11-13) and afternoon (17 to 19) necessary data was collected and documented. After collecting the data, the analysis was done by including the factor variables of time, place, activity, and behavioral characteristics. Based on the extent and difference of the studied spaces, the studied area is divided into several spatial sequences with the coordinates of the old space, the middle new open space, and the stepped space, and with the definition of 6 moving point stations, the field survey is carried out through continuous observation and case interviews. According to the spatial context of the collection, the observation pattern was vertically open, horizontally open, and horizontally closed. Because the investigated variables exist in rhythmic research, such as Habibi, Kurdestani, Barzegar, Jamshidi, Baghban, Doiran, Rikli, Burch, and Marko, the validity of the research is confirmed. However, to localize and strengthen the validity of the investigated variables, about 40 experts in related fields such as geography, social sciences, history, urban planning, psychology, and other urban experts were sent, and they were asked to assign coefficients of 1 to the variables (the least important) and 9 (the most important). The results of the data analysis obtained in the 25 responses show that the average coefficient obtained for different indicators is 7.60, which is a suitable coefficient for the validity of the variables.
 
Results and discussion
Space consumption in Zanjan Sabzehmeydan complex focuses on young people, teenagers, and the elderly; differences in the morphology of space design lead to differences in the rhythm of space consumption. The focus of the radar shows that the mass consumption of space is focused on the weekend days. The behavioral pattern of activities in the morning is linear and focused on compulsory-necessary activities. The behavior pattern of the space in the mid-afternoon and evening hours is focused on voluntary social activities. The rhythm of the behavioral pattern of the space in traditional and identity spaces (Old Sabzehmeydan) with the spatial division based on the stratification of the elderly and retailers until sunset is based on social-optional activity, and after that, it is a necessary and mandatory activity. The rhythm of space consumption in the identity-traditional places of the city center has a regular and stable daily and weekly pattern; the rhythm of space consumption in the new public spaces of the city center does not have a regular and stable daily and weekly pattern and is currently focused on weekends. The rhythm of the mandatory-necessary behavior pattern is linear, and the social-optional behavior pattern is dotted, wide, and rotating.
 
Conclusion
Various and different rhythms are formed according to the way of designing the space, location, history, and identity of the space, each of which requires the purposeful action of urban planning. This research showed that different rhythms in space and time create different ways of using space, which have different behavioral and living patterns despite being in an integrated spatial system. The pattern of behavior that suits the stratification of users, the type of morphology of design, the extent of space, speed, movement, sequence and continuity, repetition, etc., has rhythmic variety and shapes the spatial organization of daily life.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.